Nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses inflammation diseases ophthalmic complications

Nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses inflammation diseases ophthalmic complications

Acute and chronic inflammation of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses can cause some orbital and intracranial complications, which often lead to loss of vision, and sometimes the death of the patient.

Orbit, except the outer wall, surrounded with thin bony walls of the paranasal sinuses. Thin as paper, plate, separating the ethmoidal labyrinth of the orbit, as well as the upper wall of the maxillary sinus, in many cases have congenital bone defects.

Basal sinus, posterior ethmoidal labyrinth cells are often adjacent to the channel of the optic nerve. These cavities, and sometimes the frontal sinus, extending far posteriorly, can closely adjacent to the superior orbital slots through which the oculomotor, trochlear, abducens, and first and second branches of the trigeminal nerve. Call the bone wall may also have birth defects.

In addition to direct contact between the sinuses and the wall of the orbit, there is a strong vascular connection, mainly venous widely anastomosing between the nasal cavity with her sinuses and orbit. Through the orbit into the nasal cavity received anterior and posterior ethmoid arteries and nerves, and back the same ways are the veins that flow into the orbital vein.

Orbit and eyes can suffer not only from the transition of inflammatory diseases but also from the mechanical pressure from the sinuses, the walls are bursting from the inside toward the orbit, displacing to a greater or lesser degree of the eyeball. Such bias eye diseases of the paranasal sinuses can be classified:

• a bone tumor (cancer, sarcoma, osteoma)
• cystic dilation of paranasal sinuses at the close of their outlet openings (mucocele, pyocele)

Vision for diseases of the paranasal sinuses may still suffer as a result of frustration at the so-called postbulbar neuritis, sometimes called direct spread of the pathological process of the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity on the optic nerve, often as their pathogenesis remains unclear.

The most common cause of rhinogenic complications in the orbit are diseases of the frontal sinus, among the latter, acute exacerbation of chronic frontal sinusitis.

In acute sinusitis, there is often a subperiosteal abscess, located at the top and the superomedial corner of the eye socket. In this case, often shifting the eyes are usually down, and severely restricting his mobility. Characterized by a sharp redness and swelling of the eyelids.

In chronic sinusitis is often observed periostitis, manifested in the light of soft tissue swelling anterior and orbital frontal sinus wall. While improving drainage from the frontal sinus pain disappears, diminishes puffiness.

Orbital complications of sinusitis occur less frequently. A repeated acute sinus infection sometimes leads to the destruction of the upper wall of the maxillary sinus and the formation of a periosteal abscess, sometimes even phlegmon of the orbit. Often observed and a fistula in the lower orbital region.

Orbital complications of the disease anterior ethmoidal labyrinth cells occur more often, especially in young children. They should not be confused with the complications caused by osteitis and periostitis of the upper jaw.

Some features of different complications of the disease posterior ethmoidal labyrinth cells. Complications occur more frequently than in diseases of the anterior paranasal sinuses. There is infiltration into the depth of the orbit, and therefore their exophthalmos. When suppuration fiber is rarely seen sinking abscess, cellulitis often develops, which leads to cavernous sinus phlebitis and meningitis.

In lesions of the main sinus and posterior ethmoidal labyrinth cells are often observed functional disorders:

• decrease in visual acuity
• narrowing the field of view
• increase in scotoma blind spot, etc.