Bernoflox
Bernoflox - General Information
A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.
Pharmacology of Bernoflox
Bernoflox is a broad-spectrum antiinfective agent of the fluoroquinolone class. Bernoflox has in vitro activity against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive microorganisms. The mechanism of action of quinolones, including ciprofloxacin, is different from that of other antimicrobial agents such as beta-lactams, macrolides, tetracyclines, or aminoglycosides; therefore, organisms resistant to these drugs may be susceptible to ciprofloxacin. There is no known cross-resistance between ciprofloxacin and other classes of antimicrobials. Notably the drug has 100 times higher affinity for bacterial DNA gyrase than for mammalian.
Bernoflox for patients
Patients should be advised:
· that antibacterial drugs, including Proquin XR, should only be used to treat bacterial infections. They do not treat viral infections (e.g., the common cold). When Proquin XR is prescribed to treat a bacterial infection, patients should be told that although it is common to feel better early in the course of therapy, the medication should be taken exactly as directed. Skipping doses or not completing the full course of therapy may (1) decrease the effectiveness of the immediate treatment and (2) increase the likelihood that bacteria will develop resistance and will not be treatable by Proquin XR or other antibacterial drugs in the future.
· that Proquin XR should only be used to treat uncomplicated urinary tract infections (also known as bladder infections). The safety and efficacy of Proquin XR to treat other urinary tract or non-urinary tract infections have not been studied.
· that Proquin XR should be taken with a main meal of the day, preferably the evening meal. The patient should not take more than one Proquin XR tablet per day, even if the patient misses a dose.
· that Proquin XR tablets should be taken whole and never split, crushed, or chewed.
· that concomitant administration of Proquin XR with aluminum or magnesium-containing antacids, sucralfate, VIDEX (didanosine) chewable buffered tablets or pediatric powder, metal cations such as iron and calcium, and multivitamin preparations containing zinc should be avoided. Proquin XR should be administered at least 4 hours before or 2 hours after these products.
· that Proquin XR should not be taken with dairy products (like milk or yogurt) or calcium-fortified juices alone, since the absorption of ciprofloxacin may be significantly reduced. However, Proquin XR may be taken with a meal that contains these products.
· that ciprofloxacin may be associated with hypersensitivity reactions, even following a single dose, and to discontinue Proquin XR at the first sign of a skin rash or other allergic reaction and contact their physician.
· to avoid excessive sunlight or artificial ultraviolet (UV) light while receiving Proquin XR and to discontinue therapy if phototoxicity occurs.
· that peripheral neuropathies have been associated with ciprofloxacin use. If symptoms of peripheral neuropathy including pain, burning, tingling, numbness and/or weakness develop, patients should discontinue treatment and contact their physician.
· that if they experience pain, inflammation, or rupture of a tendon to discontinue treatment, to inform their physician, and to rest and refrain from exercise.
· to contact their doctor if they do not feel better of if they develop fever and back pain while or after taking Proquin XR.
· that Proquin XR may cause dizziness and lightheadedness; therefore, patients should know how they react to this drug before they operate an automobile or machinery or engage in activities requiring mental alertness or coordination.
· that Proquin XR may increase the effects of theophylline and caffeine. There is a possibility of caffeine accumulation when products containing caffeine are consumed while taking quinolones.
· that convulsions have been reported in patients receiving quinolones, including ciprofloxacin, and to notify their physician before taking this drug if there is a history of this condition.
Patient Leaflet
PROQUIN XR (ciprofloxacin hydrochloride) Extended-Release Tablets
PROQUIN XR
(prōkwin)
(ciprofloxacin hydrochloride)
Extended-Release Tablets, 500 mg
This leaflet contains important information about Proquin XR (ciprofloxacin hydrochloride) extended-release tablets and should be read before you begin treatment. This leaflet does not replace talking with your doctor about your medical condition or your treatment. This leaflet does not list all benefits and risks of Proquin XR. Proquin XR can be prescribed only by a doctor. If you have any questions about Proquin XR, talk to your doctor. Only your doctor can tell you if Proquin XR is right for you.
What is Proquin XR?
Proquin XR is an antibiotic in the class known as "quinolones" that is used to treat adults with simple (uncomplicated) urinary tract infections (also known as "bladder infections") caused by bacteria. It is not known if Proquin XR will treat infections other than bladder infections. Proquin XR, like all other antibiotics, does not kill viruses.
You should contact your doctor if you do not feel better or if you develop fever and back pain while or after taking Proquin XR.
Proquin XR tablets are blue and contain 500 mg of active drug.
How should I take Proquin XR?
· Proquin XR should be taken once a day for 3 days shortly after a main meal of the day, preferably the evening meal. Proquin XR does not work as well if you take it without a meal. You should try to take Proquin XR at about the same time each day.
· Take Proquin XR for all 3 days, even if you are feeling better. If you stop taking Proquin XR before all 3 doses, Proquin XR may not cure your bladder infection.
· Do not split, crush, or chew Proquin XR tablets. Proquin XR tablets must be swallowed whole. Tell your doctor if you cannot swallow tablets whole. Your doctor will prescribe a different medicine for you.
· Do not take more than one Proquin XR tablet a day, even if you miss a dose.
· Do not take Proquin XR at the same time that you drink milk or juices with added calcium, unless you drink them with a main meal.
· Many antacids and multivitamins may interfere with the absorption of Proquin XR if taken at the same time. Take Proquin XR at least 4 hours before or 2 hours after antacids that contain magnesium or aluminum. Proquin XR should also be taken at least 4 hours before or 2 hours after sucralfate, VIDEX (didanosine) chewable buffered tablets or pediatric powder, iron, calcium, and vitamins that contain zinc.
Who should not take Proquin XR?
Do not take Proquin XR if you are allergic to or have ever had a severe reaction to ciprofloxacin or to any other "quinolone" antibiotics.
Proquin XR is not recommended for use during pregnancy or nursing, as the effects on the unborn child or nursing infant are unknown. If you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant while taking Proquin XR, talk to your doctor before taking this medication.
Proquin XR is not recommended for children.
What should I tell my doctor before taking Proquin XR?
Tell you doctor about all of your medical conditions, including if you have or ever had seizures (epilepsy), asthma, or liver or kidney problems.
Tell your doctor about all the medicines you take, including prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins and herbal supplements. Proquin XR and certain other medicines can affect each other. You may have to adjust the times you take certain other medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements. Especially, tell your doctor if you take: theophylline, VIDEX (didanosine) chewable buffered tablets or pediatric powder; warfarin (Coumadin); glyburide (Glucovance, Micronase, DiaBeta); phenytoin (Dilantin); sucralfate (Carafate); or antacids or vitamins that contain magnesium, calcium, aluminum, iron, or zinc.
Know the medicines you take. Keep a list of them to show your doctor and pharmacist.
What are the possible side effects of Proquin XR?
Proquin XR is generally well tolerated. The most common side effects with Proquin XR include vaginal yeast infection and headache. Less common side effects include nausea, diarrhea, dizziness, and abdominal pain.
You should be careful about driving or operating machinery until you are sure the Proquin XR is not causing dizziness or lightheadedness.
Rare cases of allergic reactions have been reported in patients receiving quinolones, including ciprofloxacin, even after just one dose. Stop taking Proquin XR and call your doctor or get emergency medical attention right away if you develop a rash, hives, swelling of your face or throat, or have trouble breathing.
Some patients taking quinolone antibiotics may become more sensitive to sunlight or ultraviolet light such as that used in tanning salons. You should avoid excessive exposure to sunlight or ultraviolet light while taking Proquin XR.
Ciprofloxacin has rarely been associated with inflammation of the tendons. Stop taking Proquin XR and call your doctor if you experience pain, swelling, or rupture of a tendon.
Convulsions have been reported in patients receiving quinolone antibiotics including ciprofloxacin. Tell your doctor if you have experienced convulsions in the past. Quinolones, including ciprofloxacin, have been rarely associated with other central nervous system events including confusion, tremors, hallucinations, and depression. Stop taking Proquin XR and call your doctor right away if you get any of these symptoms.
These are not all the side effects with Proquin XR. For more information, ask your doctor or pharmacist.
How should I store Proquin XR?
· Store Proquin XR at room temperature, 59° to 86° F (15° to 30° C).
· Keep Proquin XR and all medicines out of the reach of children.
General information about Proquin XR
Medicines are sometimes prescribed for conditions that are not mentioned in patient information leaflets. Do not use Proquin XR for a condition for which it was not prescribed. Do not give Proquin XR to other people, even if they have the same symptoms you have. It may harm them.
Keep this medication out of the reach of children.
This leaflet summarizes the most important information about Proquin XR. If you would like more information, talk with your doctor. You can ask your pharmacist or doctor for information about Proquin XR that is written for health care professionals. Further information is also provided at:
1-800-206-2945 and www.Proquin.com
What are the ingredients in Proquin XR?
Active Ingredient: ciprofloxacin hydrochloride
Inactive Ingredients: film coating, magnesium stearate, polyethylene oxide, and povidone
Bernoflox Interactions
Caffeine
Some quinolones, including ciprofloxacin, have also been shown to interfere with the metabolism of caffeine. This may lead to reduced clearance of caffeine and a prolongation of its serum half-life.
Cyclosporine
Some quinolones, including ciprofloxacin, have been associated with transient elevations in serum creatinine in patients receiving cyclosporine concomitantly.
Glyburide
The concomitant administration of ciprofloxacin with the sulfonylurea glyburide has, on rare occasions, resulted in severe hypoglycemia.
Histamine H2-receptor antagonists
Histamine H2-receptor antagonists appear to have no significant effect on the bioavailability of ciprofloxacin.
Methotrexate
Renal tubular transport of methotrexate may be inhibited by concomitant administration of ciprofloxacin, potentially leading to increased plasma levels of methotrexate. This might increase the risk of methotrexate toxic reactions. Therefore, patients under methotrexate therapy should be carefully monitored when concomitant ciprofloxacin therapy is indicated.
Multivalent Cation-Containing Products
Concurrent administration of a quinolone, including ciprofloxacin, with multivalent cation-containing products such as magnesium or aluminum antacids, sucralfate, VIDEX chewable/buffered tablets or pediatric powder, or products containing calcium, iron, or zinc may substantially decrease the absorption of ciprofloxacin, resulting in serum and urine levels considerably lower than desired. Proquin XR should be administered at least 4 hours before or 2 hours after these products. This time window is different than for other oral formulations of ciprofloxacin, which are usually administered 2 hours before or 6 hours after antacids.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (but not aspirin)
These drugs in combination with very high doses of quinolones have been shown to provoke convulsions in pre-clinical studies.
Omeprazole
The rate and extent of absorption of ciprofloxacin was bioequivalent when Proquin XR was given alone or when Proquin XR was given 2 hours after omeprazole at the dose that maximally suppresses gastric acid secretion. Omeprazole should be taken as directed and Proquin XR should be taken with a main meal of the day, preferably the evening meal..
Phenytoin
Altered serum levels of phenytoin (increased and decreased) have been reported in patients receiving concomitant ciprofloxacin.
Probenecid
Probenecid interferes with renal tubular secretion of ciprofloxacin and produces an increase in the level of ciprofloxacin in serum.
Theophylline
As with some other quinolones, concurrent administration of ciprofloxacin with theophylline may lead to elevated serum concentrations of theophylline and prolongation of its elimination half-life. This may result in increased risk of theophylline-related adverse reactions. If concomitant use cannot be avoided, serum levels of theophylline should be monitored and dosage adjustments made as appropriate.
Warfarin
Quinolones have been reported to enhance the effects of the oral anticoagulant warfarin or its derivatives. When these products are administered concomitantly, prothrombin time or other suitable coagulation tests should be monitored.
Bernoflox Contraindications
Proquin XR is contraindicated in persons with a history of hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin or any member of the quinolone class of antimicrobial agents, or any of the product components.
Additional information about Bernoflox
Bernoflox Indication: For the treatment of the following infections caused by susceptible organisms: urinary tract infections, acute uncomplicated cystitis, chronic bacterial prostatitis, lower respiratory tract infections, acute sinusitis, skin and skin structure infections, bone and joint infections, complicated intra-abdominal infections (used in combination with metronidazole), infectious diarrhea, typhoid fever (enteric fever), uncomplicated cervical and urethral gonorrhea, and inhalational anthrax (post-exposure).
Mechanism Of Action: The bactericidal action of ciprofloxacin results from inhibition of the enzymes topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) and topoisomerase IV, which are required for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination.
Drug Interactions: Aluminium Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Methotrexate Increases methotrexate toxicity
Aminophylline The quinolone increases the effect of theophylline
Anisindione The quinolone increases the anticoagulant effect
Bismuth Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Caffeine The quinolone increases the effect and toxicity of caffeine
Calcium Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Clozapine Bernoflox may increase clozapine serum levels
Cyclosporine The quinolone increases the effect and toxicity of cyclosporine
Dicumarol The quinolone increases the anticoagulant effect
Dihydroxyaluminium Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Dyphylline The quinolone increases the effect of theophylline
Duloxetine Increases the effect/toxicity of duloxetine
Dyphylline The quinolone increases the effect of theophylline
Ethotoin Decreases the hydantoin effect
Foscarnet Increased risk of convulsions
Fosphenytoin Decreases the hydantoin effect
Magnesium oxide Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Magnesium Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Mephenytoin Decreases the hydantoin effect
Acenocoumarol The quinolone increases the anticoagulant effect
Oxtriphylline The quinolone increases the effect of theophylline
Phenytoin Decreases the hydantoin effect
Procainamide The quinolone increases the effect of procainamide
Rasagiline Increases effect/toxicity of rasagiline
Ropinirole The quinolone increases the effect and toxicity of ropinirole
Sevelamer Sevelamer decreases ciprofloxacin bioavailability
Sildenafil The quinolone increases sildenafil levels
Sucralfate Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Theophylline The quinolone increases the effect of theophylline
Tizanidine Increases the effect/toxicity of tizanidine
Warfarin The quinolone increases the anticoagulant effect
Iron Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Zinc Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Food Interactions: Take without regard to meals.
Avoid milk, calcium containing dairy products, iron, magnesium, zinc, antacids, or aluminum salts 2 hours before or 6 hours after using antacids while on this medication.
Take with a full glass of water.
Avoid excessive quantities of coffee or tea (Caffeine).
Generic Name: Ciprofloxacin
Synonyms: Ciprofloxacin monohydrochloride; Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride; Ciprofloxacin HCl; Ciprofloxacin dihydrochloride; Ciprofloxacina
Drug Category: Anti-Infectives; Quinolones
Drug Type: Small Molecule; Approved; Investigational
Other Brand Names containing Ciprofloxacin: Bacquinor; Baycip; Bernoflox; Ciflox; Cifloxin; Ciloxan; Ciprinol; Cipro; Cipro I.V.; Cipro XL; Cipro XR; Ciprobay; Ciprocinol; Ciprodar; Cipromycin; Ciproquinol; Ciproxan; Ciproxin; Flociprin; Floxin; Ocuflox; Proquin XR; Septicide; Velomonit;
Absorption: Rapidly and well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration. The absolute bioavailability is approximately 70% with no substantial loss by first pass metabolism.
Toxicity (Overdose): The major adverse effect seen with use of is gastrointestinal irritation, common with many antibiotics.
Protein Binding: 20 to 40%
Biotransformation: Hepatic. Four metabolites have been identified in human urine which together account for approximately 15% of an oral dose. The metabolites have antimicrobial activity, but are less active than unchanged ciprofloxacin.
Half Life: 4 hours
Dosage Forms of Bernoflox: Ointment Ophthalmic
Solution Intravenous
Solution Ophthalmic
Suspension Oral
Tablet Oral
Tablet, extended release Oral
Chemical IUPAC Name: 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-7-piperazin-1-ylquinoline-3-carboxylic acid
Chemical Formula: C17H18FN3O3
Ciprofloxacin on Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciprofloxacin
Organisms Affected: Enteric bacteria and other eubacteria
