Dynaprin

Dynaprin - General Information

The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group. [PubChem]

Pharmacology of Dynaprin

Dynaprin is a tricyclic antidepressant with general pharmacological properties similar to those of structurally related tricyclic antidepressant drugs such as amitriptyline and doxepin. A tertiary amine, imipramine inhibits the reuptake of serotonin more so than most secondary amine tricyclics, meaning that it blocks the reuptake of neurotransmitters serotonin and noradrenaline almost equally. It is also effective in migraine prophylaxis, but not in abortion of acute migraine attack.

Dynaprin for patients

Patients should be warned that imipramine hydrochloride may enhance the CNS depressant effects of alcohol

Patients taking imipramine hydrochloride should avoid excessive exposure to sunlight, since there have been reports of photosensitization.

Dynaprin Interactions

In occasional susceptible patients or in those receiving anticholinergic drugs (including antiparkinsonism agents) in addition, the atropine-like effects may become more pronounced (e.g., paralytic ileus).

Close supervision and careful adjustment of dosage is required when this drug is administered concomitantly with anticholinergic drugs.

Avoid the use of preparations such as decongestants and local anesthetics which contain any sympathomimetic amine (e.g., epinephrine, norepinephrine), since it has been reported that tricyclic antidepressants can potentiate the effects of catecholamines.

Caution should be exercised when imipramine hydrochloride is used with agents that lower blood pressure. Imipramine hydrochloride may potentiate the effects of CNS depressant drugs.

The plasma concentration of imipramine may increase when the drug is given concomitantly with hepatic enzyme inhibitors (e.g., cimetidine, fluoxetine) and decrease by concomitant administration of hepatic enzyme inducers (e.g., barbiturates, phenytoin), and adjustment of the dosage of imipramine may therefore be necessary.

Drugs Metabolized by P₄₅₀ 2D₆

The biochemical activity of the drug metabolizing isozyme cytochrome P₄₅₀ 2D₆ (debrisoquin hydroxylase) is reduced in a subset of the caucasian population (about 7 to 10% of caucasians are so called "poor metabolizers"); reliable estimates of the prevalence of reduced P₄₅₀ 2D₆ isozyme activity among Asian, African and other populations are not yet available. Poor metabolizers have higher than expected plasma concentrations of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) when given usual doses. Depending on the fraction of drug metabolized by P₄₅₀ 2D₆, the increase in plasma concentration may be small, or quite large (8-fold increase in plasma AUC of the TCA).

In addition, certain drugs inhibit the activity of this isozyme and make normal metabolizers resemble p.o. metabolizers. An individual who is stable on a given dose of TCA may become abruptly toxic when given one of these inhibiting drugs as concomitant therapy. The drugs that inhibit cytochrome P₄₅₀ 2D₆ include some that are not metabolized by the enzyme (quinidine; cimetidine) and many that are substrates for P₄₅₀ 2D₆ (many other antidepressants, phenothiazines, and the Type 1C antiarrhythmics propafenone and flecainide). While all the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), e. g., fluoxetine, sertraline, and paroxetine, inhibit P₄₅₀ 2D₆, they may vary in the extent of inhibition. The extent to which SSRI-TCA interactions may pose clinical problems will depend on the degree of inhibition, and the pharmacokinetics of the SSRI involved. Nevertheless, caution is indicated in the co-administration of TCA₅ with any of the SSRIs and also in switching from one class to the other. Of particular importance, sufficient time must elapse before initiating TCA treatment in a patient being withdrawn from fluoxetine, given the long half-life of the parent and active metabolite (at least 5 weeks may be necessary).

Concomitant use of tricyclic antidepressants with drugs that can inhibit cytochrome P₄₅₀ 2D₆ may require lower doses than usually prescribed for either the tricyclic antidepressant or the other drug. Furthermore, whenever one of these other drugs is withdrawn from cotherapy, an increased dose of tricyclic antidepressant may be required. It is desirable to monitor TCA plasma levels whenever a TCA is going to be co-administered with another drug known to be an inhibitor of P₄₅₀ 2D₆.

Dynaprin Contraindications

The concomitant use of monoamine oxidase inhibiting compounds is contraindicated. Hyperpyretic crises or severe convulsive seizures may occur in patients receiving such combinations. The potentiation of adverse effects can be serious or even fatal. When it is desired to substitute imipramine hydrochloride in patients receiving a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, as long an interval should elapse as the clinical situation will allow, with a minimum of 14 days. Initial dosage should be low and increases should be gradual and cautiously prescribed.

The drug is contraindicated during the acute recovery period after a myocardial infarction. Patients with a known hypersensitivity to this compound should not be given the drug. The possibility of cross-sensitivity to other dibenzazepine compounds should be kept in mind.

Additional information about Dynaprin

Dynaprin Indication: For the relief of symptoms of depression and as temporary adjunctive therapy in reducing enuresis in children aged 6 years and older.
Mechanism Of Action: Dynaprin works by inhibiting the re-uptake of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and serotonin by nerve cells. It binds the Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter and Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter, preventing or reducing the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin by nerve cells. As norepinephrine and serotonin are used to stimulate the synapse, and depression has been linked to a lack of stimulation of the recipient neuron at a synapse, slowing the reuptake of these neurotransmitters allows them to remain in the synaptic gap longer than it normal, increasing the stimulation of the recipient neuron and relieving the symptoms of depression. However, it does not act primarily by stimulation of the central nervous system. The clinical effect is also hypothesized as being due to potentiation of adrenergic synapses by blocking uptake of norepinephrine at nerve endings.
Drug Interactions: Altretamine Risk of severe hypotension
Atazanavir Atazanavir increases the effect and toxicity of tricyclics
Carbamazepine The tricyclic increases the effect of carbamazepine
Cimetidine Cimetidine increases the effect of tricyclic agent
Cisapride Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias
Grepafloxacin Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias
Mesoridazine Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias
Sparfloxacin Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias
Terfenadine Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias
Thioridazine Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias
Tranylcypromine Possibility of severe adverse effects
Rasagiline Possibility of severe adverse effects
Phenelzine Possibility of severe adverse effects
Isocarboxazid Possibility of severe adverse effects
Clonidine The tricyclic decreases the effect of clonidine
Dihydroquinidine barbiturate Quinidine increases the effect of tricyclic agent
Quinidine Quinidine increases the effect of tricyclic agent
Quinidine barbiturate Quinidine increases the effect of tricyclic agent
Dobutamine The tricyclic increases the sympathomimetic effect
Dopamine The tricyclic increases the sympathomimetic effect
Ephedra The tricyclic increases the sympathomimetic effect
Ephedrine The tricyclic increases the sympathomimetic effect
Epinephrine The tricyclic increases the sympathomimetic effect
Fenoterol The tricyclic increases the sympathomimetic effect
Guanethidine The tricyclic decreases the effect of guanethidine
Isoproterenol The tricyclic increases the sympathomimetic effect
Mephentermine The tricyclic increases the sympathomimetic effect
Terbutaline The tricyclic increases the sympathomimetic effect
Terbinafine Terbinafine increases the effect and toxicity of the tricyclic
Salbutamol The tricyclic increases the sympathomimetic effect
Ritonavir Ritonavir increases the effect and toxicity of tricyclics
Pseudoephedrine The tricyclic increases the sympathomimetic effect
Procaterol The tricyclic increases the sympathomimetic effect
Pirbuterol The tricyclic increases the sympathomimetic effect
Phenylpropanolamine The tricyclic increases the sympathomimetic effect
Phenylephrine The tricyclic increases the sympathomimetic effect
Orciprenaline The tricyclic increases the sympathomimetic effect
Norepinephrine The tricyclic increases the sympathomimetic effect
Methoxamine The tricyclic increases the sympathomimetic effect
Metaraminol The tricyclic increases the sympathomimetic effect
Donepezil Possible antagonism of action
Duloxetine Possible increase in the levels of this agent when used with duloxetine
Galantamine Possible antagonism of action
Fluoxetine Fluoxetine increases the effect and toxicity of tricyclics
Fluvoxamine Fluvoxamine increases the effect and toxicity of tricyclics
Rivastigmine Possible antagonism of action
Fluconazole The imidazole increases the effect and toxicity of the tricyclic
Ketoconazole The imidazole increases the effect and toxicity of the tricyclic
Moclobemide Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination
Rifabutin The rifamycin decreases the effect of tricyclics
Rifampin The rifamycin decreases the effect of tricyclics
Sibutramine Increased risk of CNS adverse effects
Food Interactions: Avoid alcohol.
Take with food.
Avoid excessive quantities of coffee or tea (Caffeine).
Avoid St.John's Wort.
Do not take fibers at the same time.
Generic Name: Imipramine
Synonyms: Not Available
Drug Category: Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Norepinephrine-Reuptake Inhibitors; Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors
Drug Type: Small Molecule; Approved

Other Brand Names containing Imipramine: Antideprin; Berkomine; Censtim; Censtin; DPID; Declomipramine; Dimipressin; Dyna-Zina; Dynaprin; Estraldine; Eupramin; IM; Imavate; Imidobenzyle; Imipramina; Imipramine Hcl; Imiprin; Imizin; Imizine; Imizinum; Impramine; Intalpram; Iramil; Irmin; Janimine; Melipramin; Melipramine; Nelipramin; Norfranil; Pramine; Prazepine; Presamine; Promiben; Psychoforin; Sk-Pramine; Surplix; Timolet; Tipramine; Tofranil, Base; Tofranil-Pm; Tofraniln A; Trimipramine Maleate;
Absorption: Rapidly and well absorbed after oral administration
Toxicity (Overdose): Oral, rat LD₅₀: 355 to 682 mg/kg. Toxic signs proceed progressively from depression, irregular respiration and ataxia to convulsions and death.
Protein Binding: 89–95%
Biotransformation: Exclusively hepatic. Imipramine is converted in the liver to desipramine and 2-hydroxydesipramine, both active metabolites.
Half Life: 11–25 hours
Dosage Forms of Dynaprin: Tablet Oral
Chemical IUPAC Name: 3-(5,6-dihydrobenzo[b][1]benzazepin-11-yl)-N,N-dimethylpropan-1-amine
Chemical Formula: C19H24N2
Imipramine on Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imipramine
Organisms Affected: Humans and other mammals