Geodon
Geodon - General Information
Geodon (marketed as Geodon, Zeldox) was the fifth atypical antipsychotic to gain FDA approval (February 2001). Geodon is Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for the treatment of schizophrenia, and the intramuscular injection form of ziprasidone is approved for acute agitation in schizophrenic patients. Geodon has also received approval for acute treatment of mania associated with bipolar disorder. [Wikipedia]
Pharmacology of Geodon
Geodon is a psychotropic agent belonging to the chemical class of benzisoxazole derivatives and is indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia. Geodon is a selective monoaminergic antagonist with high affinity for the serotonin Type 2 (5HT2), dopamine Type 2 (D2), 1 and 2 adrenergic, and H1 histaminergic receptors. Geodon acts as an antagonist at other receptors, but with lower potency. Antagonism at receptors other than dopamine and 5HT2 with similar receptor affinities may explain some of the other therapeutic and side effects of Geodon. Geodon's antagonism of muscarinic M1-5 receptors may explain its anticholinergic effects. Geodon's antagonism of histamine H1 receptors may explain the somnolence observed with this drug. Geodon's antagonism of adrenergic a1 receptors may explain the orthostatic hypotension observed with this drug. Geodon functions as an antagonist at the Dopamine D2, 5HT-2A, and 5HT-1D receptors, and as an agonist at the 5HT-1A receptor. Geodon also inhibits synaptic reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine.
Geodon for patients
Ziprasidone is an antipsychotic medicine, and used to treat schizophrenia. Patients may experience the following symptoms or signs:
- hearing voices, seeing things, or sensing things that are not actually there
- unusual suspiciousness
- having false beliefs
- becoming withdrawn
If the patent has heart problems, discuss with doctor before taking Ziprasidone. Ziprasidone can cause dizziness, sleepness, use with caution when driving, operating machinery. Avoid alcohol while taking Ziprasidone.
Contact your doctor if you experience any unusual symptomes or signs, or start taking a new medication (including prescription and non-prescription medicines)
Geodon Interactions
Drug-drug interactions can be pharmacodynamic (combined pharmacologic effects) or pharmacokinetic (alteration of plasma levels). The risks of using ziprasidone in combination with other drugs have been evaluated as described below. Based upon the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profile of ziprasidone, possible interactions could be anticipated:
Pharmacodynamic Interactions
- Ziprasidone should not be used with any drug that prolongs the QT interval .
- Given the primary CNS effects of ziprasidone, caution should be used when it is taken in combination with other centrally acting drugs.
- Because of its potential for inducing hypotension, ziprasidone may enhance the effects of certain antihypertensive agents.
- Ziprasidone may antagonize the effects of levodopa and dopamine agonists.
Pharmacokinetic Interactions
The Effect of Other Drugs on Ziprasidone
Carbamazepine Carbamazepine is an inducer of CYP3A4; administration of 200 mg BID for 21 days resulted in a decrease of approximately 35% in the AUC of ziprasidone. This effect may be greater when higher doses of carbamazepine are administered.
Ketoconazole Ketoconazole, a potent inhibitor of CYP3A4, at a dose of 400 mg QD for 5 days, increased the AUC and C max of ziprasidone by about 35-40%. Other inhibitors of CYP3A4 would be expected to have similar effects.
Cimetidine Cimetidine at a dose of 800 mg QD for 2 days did not affect ziprasidone pharmacokinetics.
Antacid The coadministration of 30 mL of MAALOX with ziprasidone did not affect the pharmacokinetics of ziprasidone.
In addition, population pharmacokinetic analysis of schizophrenic patients enrolled in controlled clinical trials has not revealed evidence of any clinically significant pharmacokinetic interactions with benztropine, propranolol, or lorazepam.
Effect of Ziprasidone on Other Drugs
In vitro studies revealed little potential for ziprasidone to interfere with the metabolism of drugs cleared primarily by CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4, and little potential for drug interactions with ziprasidone due to displacement.
Lithium Ziprasidone at a dose of 40 mg BID administered concomitantly with lithium at a dose of 450 mg BID for 7 days did not affect the steady-state level or renal clearance of lithium.
Oral Contraceptives Ziprasidone at a dose of 20 mg BID did not affect the pharmacokinetics of concomitantly administered oral contraceptives, ethinylestradiol (0.03 mg) and levonorgestrel (0.15 mg).
Dextromethorphan Consistent with in vitro results, a study in normal healthy volunteers showed that ziprasidone did not alter the metabolism of dextromethorphan, a CYP2D6 model substrate, to its major metabolite, dextrorphan. There was no statistically significant change in the urinary dextromethorphan/dextrorphan ratio.
Geodon Contraindications
QT Prolongation
Because of ziprasidoneís dose-related prolongation of the QT interval and the known association of fatal arrhythmias with QT prolongation by some other drugs, ziprasidone is contraindicated in patients with a known history of QT prolongation (including congenital long QT syndrome), with recent acute myocardial infarction, or with uncompensated heart failure.
Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies between ziprasidone and other drugs that prolong the QT interval have not been performed. An additive effect of ziprasidone and other drugs that prolong the QT interval cannot be excluded. Therefore, ziprasidone should not be given with dofetilide, sotalol, quinidine, other Class Ia and III anti-arrhythmics, mesoridazine, thioridazine, chlorpromazine, droperidol, pimozide, sparfloxacin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin, halofantrine, mefloquine, pentamidine, arsenic trioxide, levomethadyl acetate, dolasetron mesylate, probucol or tacrolimus. Ziprasidone is also contraindicated with drugs that have demonstrated QT prolongation as one of their pharmacodynamic effects and have this effect described in the full prescribing information as a contraindication or a boxed or bolded warning.
Hypersensitivity
Ziprasidone is contraindicated in individuals with a known hypersensitivity to the product.
Additional information about Geodon
Geodon Indication: For the treatment of schizophrenia
Mechanism Of Action: The mechanism of action of Geodon, as with other drugs used to treat schizophrenia, is unknown. Geodon exhibited high in vitro binding affinity for the dopamine D2 and D3, the serotonin 5HT2A, 5HT2C, 5HT1A, 5HT1D and alpha 1-adrenergic receptors, and moderate affinity for the histamine H1 receptor. However, it has been proposed that the drug's therapeutic activity in schizophrenia is mediated through a combination of dopamine Type 2 (D2) and serotonin Type 2 (5HT2) receptor antagonism.
Drug Interactions: Not Available
Food Interactions: Avoid alcohol.
Generic Name: Ziprasidone
Synonyms: Ziprasidone hydrochloride; Ziprasidone mesylate trihydrate
Drug Category: Antipsychotics; Dopamine Antagonists; Serotonin Antagonists
Drug Type: Small Molecule; Approved
Other Brand Names containing Ziprasidone: Geodon; Zeldox;
Absorption: ~60%
Toxicity (Overdose): Not Available
Protein Binding: 99%
Biotransformation: Hepatic
Half Life: 7 hours
Dosage Forms of Geodon: Capsule Oral
Powder, for solution Intramuscular
Chemical IUPAC Name: 5-[2-[4-(1,2-benzothiazol-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl]ethyl]-6-chloro-1,3-dihydroindol-2-one
Chemical Formula: C21H21ClN4OS
Ziprasidone on Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziprasidone
Organisms Affected: Humans and other mammals
