atropine (Atreza, Atropine PO, SalTropine)

Dosing and uses of Atreza, Atropine PO (atropine)

• Adult
• Pediatric

 

Adult dosage forms and strengths

tablet

• 0.4mg

 

Sialorrhea, Pylorospasm & Other Spastic Conditions of the Gastrointestinal Tract

0.4 mg PO q4-6hr PRn

 

Pediatric dosage forms and strengths

tablet

• 0.4mg

 

Sialorrhea, Pylorospasm & Other Spastic Conditions of the Gastrointestinal Tract

3-7 kg: 0.1 mg

8-11 kg: 0.15 mg

11-18 kg: 0.2 mg

18-29 kg: 0.3 mg

≥30 kg: 0.4 mg

Alternate Dosing

• <5 kg: 0.02 mg/kg/dose initially, then q4-6hr PRN
• ≥5 kg: 0.01-0.02 mg/kg PO q4-6hr PRN; not less than 0.1 mg/dose, not to exceed 0.4 mg/dose

 

Atreza, Atropine PO (atropine) adverse (side) effects

Frequency not defined

Ataxia

Coma

Confusion

Delirium

Dizziness

Drowsiness

Hallucinations

Headache

Insomnia

Nervousness

Arrhythmia

Flushing

Hypotension

Palpitation

Tachycardia

Dyspnea

Laryngospasm

Pulmonary edema

Bloating

Constipation

Delayed gastric emptying

Loss of taste

Nausea

Paralytic ileus

Vomiting

Xerostomia

Nasal dryness

Fever

Anhidrosis

Urticaria

Rash

Scarlantiniform rash

Urinary hesitancy and retention

Anaphylaxis

Angle closure glaucoma

Blurred vision

Dry eyes

Ocular pressure increased

 

Warnings

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to anticholinergic drugs

Narrow-angle glaucoma, synechia (adhesions) between iris and eye lens, myasthenia gravis, obstructive uropathy, paralytic ileus, severe ulcerative colitis, toxic megacolon, acute hemorrhage with cardiovascular instability, thyrotoxicosis

 

Cautions

Open-angle glaucoma, hyperthyroidism, BPH, CVD, autonomic neuropathy, HTN, partial obstructive uropathy, toxin-mediated diarrhea, hepatic/renal impairment, tachyarrhythmia, Down syndrome, brain damage in children, salivary secretion disorder, hiatal hernia, reflex esophagitis

 

Pregnancy and lactation

Pregnancy category: C

Lactation: trace amounts enter breast milk; use with caution (AAP Committee states "compatible with nursing")

 

Pregnancy categories

A: Generally acceptable. Controlled studies in pregnant women show no evidence of fetal risk.

B: May be acceptable. Either animal studies show no risk but human studies not available or animal studies showed minor risks and human studies done and showed no risk.

C: Use with caution if benefits outweigh risks. Animal studies show risk and human studies not available or neither animal nor human studies done.

D: Use in LIFE-THREATENING emergencies when no safer drug available. Positive evidence of human fetal risk.

X: Do not use in pregnancy. Risks involved outweigh potential benefits. Safer alternatives exist.

NA: Information not available.

 

Pharmacology of Atreza, Atropine PO (atropine)

Mechanism of action

Antimuscarinic; inhibits action of acetylcholine at parasympathetic sites in smooth muscle, CNS, and secretory glands. Increases cardiac output and dries secretions

 

Pharmacokinetics

Metabolism: Liver

Half-Life: 2.5 hr

Excretion: Urine

Absorption: 90%

Onset: <1 hr

Duration: 4 hr

Peak plasma time: 1 hr

Peak effect: 2 hr