Clindamycin Phosphate Topical Solution

Drug Description

What is Clindamycin Phosphate Topical Solution and how is it used?

Clindamycin Phosphate Topical Solution is a prescription medicine used to treat the symptoms of certain type of vaginal infection (Bacterial Vaginosis). Clindamycin Phosphate Topical Solution may be used alone or with other medications.

Clindamycin Phosphate Topical Solution belongs to a class of drugs called Antibiotics, Lincosamine.

What are the possible side effects of Clindamycin Phosphate Topical Solution?

Clindamycin Phosphate Topical Solution may cause serious side effects including:

• new or changing vaginal discharge,
• diarrhea,
• abdominal or stomach pain,
• cramping,
• blood or mucus in your stool,
• rash,
• itching or swelling of the face, tongue or throat),
• severe dizziness, and
• trouble breathing

Get medical help right away, if you have any of the symptoms listed above.

The most common side effects of Clindamycin Phosphate Topical Solution include:

• mild stomach upset,
• headache,
• back pain,
• constipation,
• urinary tract infection, and
• vaginal discomfort, itching, or discharge

Tell the doctor if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.

These are not all the possible side effects of Clindamycin Phosphate Topical Solution. For more information, ask your doctor or pharmacist.

Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

 

DESCRIPTION

Clindamycin Phosphate Topical Solution, USP 1% contains clindamycin phosphate, USP, at a concentration equivalent to 10 mg clindamycin per milliliter.

Clindamycin phosphate is a water soluble ester of the semi-synthetic antibiotic produced by a 7(S)- chloro-substitution of the 7(R)-hydroxyl group of the parent antibiotic lincomycin.

The solution contains isopropyl alcohol 50% v/v, propylene glycol, purified water and sodium hydroxide. Sodium hydroxide or hydrochloric acid may be added to adjust pH.

The structural formula is represented below:

The chemical name for clindamycin phosphate is Methyl 7-chloro-6,7,8-trideoxy-6-(1-methyl-trans-4-propyl-L-2-pyrrolidinecarboxamido)-1- thio-L-threo-α-D-galacto-octopyranoside 2-(dihydrogen phosphate).

 

Indications & Dosage

INDICATIONS

Clindamycin Phosphate Topical Solution, USP 1% is indicated in the treatment of acne vulgaris. In view of the potential for diarrhea, bloody diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis, the physician should consider whether other agents are more appropriate. (See CONTRAINDICATIONS, WARNINGS and ADVERSE REACTIONS).

 

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

Apply a thin film of Clindamycin Phosphate Topical Solution twice daily to affected area. Keep all liquid dosage forms in containers tightly closed.

 

HOW SUPPLIED

Clindamycin Phosphate Topical Solution, USP 1% containing clindamycin phosphate equivalent to 10 mg clindamycin per milliliter is available in the following sizes:

30 mL applicator bottles - NDC 0472-0987-91
60 mL applicator bottles - NDC 0472-0987-92

Store at 20°-25°C (68°-77°F) [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Protect from freezing.

Manufactured by: G&W Laboratories, Inc., 111 Coolidge Street, South Plainfield, NJ 07080. Distributed by: Actavis Pharma, Inc., Parsippany, NJ 07054 USA. Revised: Sep 2016

 

Side Effects & Drug Interactions

SIDE EFFECTS

In 18 clinical studies of various formulations of clindamycin phosphate using placebo vehicle and/or active comparator drugs as controls, patients experienced a number of treatment emergent adverse dermatologic events [see table].

Number of Patients Reporting Events

Treatment Emergent Adverse Event	Solution n=553 [%)	Gel n=148(%)	Lotion n=160(%)
Burning	62 (11)	15 (10)	17 (11)
Itching	36 (7)	15 (10)	17 (11)
Burning/Itching	60 (11)	# (-)	# (-)
Dryness	105(19)	34 (23)	29 (18)
Erythema	86 (16)	10 (7)	22 (14)
Oiliness/OiSy Skin	8 (1)	26 (18)	12* (10)
Peeling	61 (11)	# (-)	11 (7)

Orally and parenterally administered clindamycin has been associated with severe colitis which may end fatally.

Cases of diarrhea, bloody diarrhea and colitis (including pseudomembranous colitis) have been reported as adverse reactions in patients treated with oral and parenteral formulations of clindamycin and rarely with topical clindamycin (see WARNINGS).

Abdominal pain, gastrointestinal disturbances, gram-negative folliculitis, eye pain and contact dermatitis have also been reported in association with the use of topical formulations of clindamycin.

To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact G&W Laboratories , Inc. at 1-800- 922-1038 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.

 

DRUG INTERACTIONS

Clindamycin has been shown to have neuromuscular blocking properties that may enhance the action of other neuromuscular blocking agents. Therefore it should be used with caution in patients receiving such agents.

 

Warnings

Orally and parenterally administered clindamycin has been associated with severe colitis which may result in patient death. Use of the topical formulation of clindamycin results in absorption of the antibiotic from the skin surface. Diarrhea, bloody diarrhea, and colitis (including pseudomembranous colitis ) have been reported with the use of topical and systemic clindamycin.

Studies indicate a toxin(s) produced by clostridia is one primary cause of antibiotic associated colitis. The colitis is usually characterized by severe persistent diarrhea and severe abdominal cramps and may be associated with the passage of blood and mucus. Endoscopic examination may reveal pseudomembranous colitis. Stool culture for Clostridium difficile and stool assay for C. difficile toxin may be helpful diagnostically.

When significant diarrhea occurs, the drug should be discontinued. Large bowel endoscopy should be considered to establish a definitive diagnosis incases of severe diarrhea.

Antiperistaltic agents such as opiates and diphenoxylate with atropine may prolong and/or worsen the condition. Vancomycin has been found to be effective in the treatment of antibioticassociated pseudomembranous colitis produced by Clostridium difficile. The usual adult dos age is 500 milligrams to 2 grams of vancomycin orally per day in three to four divided doses administered for 7 to 10 days. Cholestyramine or colestipol resins bind vancomycin in vitro. If both a res in and vancomycin are to be administered concurrently, it may be advisable to separate the time of administration of each drug.

Diarrhea, colitis, and pseudomembranous colitis have been observed to begin up to several weeks following cessation of oral and parenteral therapy with clindamycin.

 

Precautions

General

Clindamycin Phosphate Topical Solution contains an alcohol base which will cause burning and irritation of the eye. In the event of accidental contact with sensitive surfaces (eye, abraded skin, mucous membranes), bathe with copious amounts of cool tap water. The solution has an unpleasant taste and caution should be exercised when applying medication around the mouth.

Clindamycin Phosphate Topical Solution should be prescribed with caution in atopic individuals.

Pregnancy

Teratogenic Effects

Pregnancy Category B.

In clinical trials with pregnant women, the systemic administration of clindamycin during the second and third trimesters has not been associated with an increased frequency of congenital abnormalities. There are no adequate studies in pregnant women during the first trimester of pregnancy. Clindamycin should be used during the first trimester of pregnancy only if clearly needed.

Nursing Mothers

It is not known whether clindamycin is excreted in human milk following use of Clindamycin Phosphate Topical Solution. However, orally and parenterally administered clindamycin has been reported to appear in breast milk. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.

Pediatric Use

Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients under the age of 12 have not been established.

Geriatric Use

Clinical studies for clindamycin phosphate topical solution did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients.

 

Overdosage & Contraindications

OVERDOSE

Topically applied Clindamycin Phosphate Topical Solution can be absorbed in sufficient amounts to produce systemic effects (see WARNINGS).

 

CONTRAINDICATIONS

Clindamycin Phosphate Topical Solution is contraindicated in individuals with a history of hypersensitivity to preparations containing clindamycin or lincomycin, a history of regional enteritis or ulcerative colitis, or a history of antibiotic-associated colitis.

 

Clinical Pharmacology

Although clindamycin phosphate is inactive in vitro, rapid in vivo hydrolysis converts this compound to the antibacterially active clindamycin.

Cross resistance has been demonstrated between clindamycin and lincomycin.

Antagonism has been demonstrated between clindamycin and erythromycin.

Following multiple topical applications of clindamycin phosphate at a concentration equivalent to 10 mg clindamycin per mL in an isopropyl alcohol and water solution, very low levels of clindamycin are present in the serum (0-3 ng/mL) and less than 0.2% of the dose is recovered in urine as clindamycin.

Clindamycin activity has been demonstrated in comedones from acne patients. The mean concentration of antibiotic activity in extracted comedones after application of Clindamycin Phosphate Topical Solution for 4 weeks was 597 mcg/g of comedonal material (range 0-1490). Clindamycin in vitro inhibits all Propionibacterium acnes cultures tested (MICs 0.4 mcg/mL). Free fatty acids on the skin surface have been decreased from approximately 14% to 2% following application of clindamycin.

 

Medication Guide

PATIENT INFORMATION

No information provided. Please refer to the WARNINGS and PRECAUTIONS sections.