Caryolysine

Caryolysine - General Information

A vesicant and necrotizing irritant destructive to mucous membranes. It was formerly used as a war gas. The hydrochloride is used as an antineoplastic in Hodgkin&

Pharmacology of Caryolysine

Caryolysine also known as mustine, nitrogen mustard, and HN2, is the prototype anticancer chemotherapeutic drug. Successful clinical use of mechlorethamine gave birth to the field of anticancer chemotherapy. The drug is an analogue of mustard gas and was derived from toxic gas warfare research. It belongs to the group of nitrogen mustard alkylating agents. Alkylating agents work by three different mechanisms all of which achieve the same end result - disruption of DNA function and cell death.

Caryolysine for patients

NOTE: This information does not apply if mechlorethamine is applied to skin.

Mechlorethamine (meh-klor-ETH-ah-meen) is a drug that is used to treat some kinds of cancer. It is a clear liquid that is usually injected into a vein. A blood sample will be taken before each treatment. The dose and timing of your chemotherapy may be changed based on your blood counts and/or other side effects.

Your doctor may tell you to drink lots of liquids (8-12 cups a day). This helps prevent kidney problems in some kinds of cancer.

Other drugs may interact with mechlorethamine. Tell your doctor if you are taking any other drugs as your dose may need to be changed. Check with your doctor or pharmacist before you start taking any new drugs.

The drinking of alcohol (in small amounts) will not affect the safety or usefulness of mechlorethamine.

Mechlorethamine may cause sterility in men and menopause in women which may be permanent. If you plan to have children, discuss this with your doctor before being treated with mechlorethamine.

Mechlorethamine may damage sperm and may harm the baby if used during pregnancy. It is best to use birth control while being treated with mechlorethamine. Tell your doctor right away if you or your partner becomes pregnant. Do not breast feed during treatment.

Tell doctors or dentists that you are being treated with mechlorethamine before you receive any treatment from them.

SEE YOUR DOCTOR OR GET EMERGENCY HELP IMMEDIATELY IF YOU HAVE:

• Signs of an infection such as fever (over 100oF or 38oC); chills; cough; sore throat; pain or burning when you pass urine; redness, pain or swelling of any area of your body; sores forming anywhere on your body.
• Signs of bleeding problems such as black, tarry stools; blood in urine; pinpoint red spots on skin.

SEE YOUR DOCTOR AS SOON AS POSSIBLE (DURING OFFICE HOURS) IF YOU HAVE:

• Signs of kidney problems such as lower back or side pain, swelling of feet or lower legs, numbness or tingling in feet or hands.
• Signs of gout such as joint pain.

CHECK WITH YOUR DOCTOR IF ANY OF THE FOLLOWING CONTINUE OR BOTHER YOU:

• Uncontrolled nausea, vomiting or diarrhea.
• Easy bruising or bleeding.
• Redness, swelling, pain or sores where the needle was placed.
• Redness, swelling, pain or sores on your lips, tongue, mouth or throat.
• Skin rash.

Caryolysine Interactions

No information provided.

Caryolysine Contraindications

The use of MUSTARGEN is contraindicated in the presence of known infectious diseases and in patients who have had previous anaphylactic reactions to MUSTARGEN.

Additional information about Caryolysine

Caryolysine Indication: For the palliative treatment of Hodgkin's disease (Stages III and IV), lymphosarcoma, chronic myelocytic or chronic lymphocytic leukemia, polycythemia vera, mycosis fungoides, and bronchogenic carcinoma. Also for the palliative treatment of metastatic carcinoma resulting in effusion.
Mechanism Of Action: Alkylating agents work by three different mechanisms: 1) attachment of alkyl groups to DNA bases, resulting in the DNA being fragmented by repair enzymes in their attempts to replace the alkylated bases, preventing DNA synthesis and RNA transcription from the affected DNA, 2) DNA damage via the formation of cross-links (bonds between atoms in the DNA) which prevents DNA from being separated for synthesis or transcription, and 3) the induction of mispairing of the nucleotides leading to mutations. Caryolysine is cell cycle phase-nonspecific.
Drug Interactions: Not Available
Food Interactions: Not Available
Generic Name: Mechlorethamine
Synonyms: MBA; Mechloroethamine; Mecloretamina; Nitrogen mustard; Chlormethine; Chlorethazine; Mustine; HN2
Drug Category: Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; Alkylating Agents; Irritants
Drug Type: Small Molecule; Approved

Other Brand Names containing Mechlorethamine: Caryolysin; Caryolysine; Cloramin; Dichloren; Embichin; Mustargen; Mutagen;
Absorption: Partially absorbed following intracavitary administration, most likely due to rapid deactivation by body fluids.
Toxicity (Overdose): Symptoms of overexposure include severe leukopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and a hemorrhagic diathesis with subsequent delayed bleeding may develop. Death may follow. The intravenous LD₅₀ is 2 mg/kg and 1.6 mg/kg in mouse and rat, respectively.
Protein Binding: Not Available
Biotransformation: Undergoes rapid chemical transformation and combines with water or reactive compounds of cells, so that the drug is no longer present in active form a few minutes after administration.
Half Life: 15 minutes
Dosage Forms of Caryolysine: Powder Topical
Injection, powder, for solution Intravenous
Chemical IUPAC Name: 2-chloro-N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-methylethanamine
Chemical Formula: C5H11Cl2N
Mechlorethamine on Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechlorethamine
Organisms Affected: Humans and other mammals