Tonocard
Tonocard - General Information
An antiarrhythmic agent which exerts a potential- and frequency-dependent block of sodium channels. [PubChem]
Pharmacology of Tonocard
Tonocard is a primary amine analog of lidocaine with antiarrhythmic properties useful in the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias. Tonocard, like lidocaine, produces dose dependent decreases in sodium and potassium conductance, thereby decreasing the excitability of myocardial cells. In experimental animal models, the dose-related depression of sodium current is more pronounced in ischemic tissue than in normal tissue. Tonocard is a Class I antiarrhythmic compound with electrophysiologic properties in man similar to those of lidocaine, but dissimilar from quinidine, procainamide, and disopyramide.
Tonocard for patients
Patients should be instructed to promptly report the development of bruising or bleeding; any signs of infections such as fever, chills, sore throat, or soreness and ulcers in the mouth; any pulmonary symptoms, such as exertional dyspnea, cough, or wheezing; rash.
Tonocard Interactions
Tocainide and lidocaine are pharmacodynamically similar. The concomitant use of these two agents may cause an increased incidence of adverse reactions, including central nervous system adverse reactions such as seizure.
Specific interaction studies with cimetidine, digoxin, metoprolol and warfarin have been conducted, no clinically significant interaction was seen with cimetidine, digoxin or warfarin; but tocainide and metoprolol had additive effects on wedge pressure and cardiac index. TONOCARD has also been used in open studies with digitalis, beta-blocking agents, other antiarrhythmic agents, anticoagulants, and diuretics, without evidence of clinically significant interactions. Nevertheless, caution should be exercised in the use of multiple drug therapy.
TONOCARD is equally effective in digitalized and non-digitalized patients. In 17 patients with refractory ventricular arrhythmias on concomitant therapy, serum digoxin levels (1.1 ±0.4 ng/mL) remained in the expected normal range (0.5-2.5 ng/mL) during tocainide administration.
Tonocard Contraindications
Patients who are hypersensitive to this product or to local anesthetics of the amide type.
Patients with second or third degree atrioventricular block in the absence of an artificial ventricular pacemaker.
Additional information about Tonocard
Tonocard Indication: For the treatment of documented ventricular arrhythmias, such as sustained ventricular tachycardia, that, in the judgment of the physician, are life-threatening.
Mechanism Of Action: Tonocard acts on sodium channels on the neuronal cell membrane, limiting the spread of seizure activity and reducing seizure propagation. The antiarrhythmic actions are mediated through effects on sodium channels in Purkinje fibers.
Drug Interactions: Not Available
Food Interactions: Not Available
Generic Name: Tocainide
Synonyms: Tocainida [INN-Spanish]; Tocainidum [INN-Latin]
Drug Category: Anti-Arrhythmia Agents
Drug Type: Small Molecule; Approved
Other Brand Names containing Tocainide: Tonocard;
Absorption: Following oral administration, the bioavailability approaches 100 percent, and is unaffected by food.
Toxicity (Overdose): The oral LD50 of tocainide was calculated to be about 800 mg/kg in mice, 1000 mg/kg in rats, and 230 mg/kg in guinea pigs; deaths were usually preceded by convulsions.
Protein Binding: Approximately 10 percent bound to plasma protein.
Biotransformation: Negligible first pass hepatic degradation. No active metabolites have been found.
Half Life: The average plasma half-life in patients is approximately 15 hours. May be prolonged up to 35 hours in patients with severe renal function impairment (creatinine clearance less than 30 mL per min per 1.73 square meters of body surface area.
Dosage Forms of Tonocard: Tablet Oral
Chemical IUPAC Name: 2-amino-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)propanamide
Chemical Formula: C11H16N2O
Tocainide on Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tocainide
Organisms Affected: Humans and other mammals
