Gubernal
Gubernal - General Information
One of the adrenergic beta-antagonists used as an antihypertensive, anti-anginal, and anti-arrhythmic agent. [PubChem]
Pharmacology of Gubernal
Gubernal is a non-selective beta-blocker used in the treatment of hypertension, edema, ventricular tachycardias, and atrial fibrillation. Gubernal impairs AV node conduction and decreases sinus rate and may also increase plasma triglycerides and decrease HDL-cholesterol levels. Gubernal is nonpolar and hydrophobic, with low to moderate lipid solubility. Gubernal has little to no intrinsic sympathomimetic activity and, unlike some other beta-adrenergic blocking agents, alprenolol has little direct myocardial depressant activity and does not have an anesthetic-like membrane-stabilizing action.
Additional information about Gubernal
Gubernal Indication: For the treatment of hypertension, angina, and arrhythmia
Mechanism Of Action: Gubernal non-selectively blocks beta-1 adrenergic receptors mainly in the heart, inhibiting the effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine resulting in a decrease in heart rate and blood pressure. By binding beta-2 receptors in the juxtaglomerular apparatus, alprenolol inhibits the production of renin, thereby inhibiting angiotensin II and aldosterone production and therefore inhibits the vasoconstriction and water retention due to angiotensin II and aldosterone, respectively.
Drug Interactions: Not Available
Food Interactions: Not Available
Generic Name: Alprenolol
Synonyms: Alprenololum [Inn-Latin]; Alfeprol [Russian]; Alpheprol
Drug Category: Sympatholytics; Antihypertensive Agents; Antiarrhythmic Agents
Drug Type: Small Molecule; Approved
Other Brand Names containing Alprenolol: Apllobal; Aptine; Aptol Duriles; Gubernal; Regletin; Yobir;
Absorption: Not Available
Toxicity (Overdose): LD50=597.0 mg/kg (Orally in rats)
Protein Binding: 80-90%
Biotransformation: Hepatic. One of the active metabolites, 4-OH-alprenolol, is an active beta-blocker.
Half Life: 2-3 hours
Dosage Forms of Gubernal: Not Available
Chemical IUPAC Name: 1-(propan-2-ylamino)-3-(2-prop-2-enylphenoxy)propan-2-ol
Chemical Formula: C15H23NO2
Alprenolol on Wikipedia: Not Available
Organisms Affected: Humans and other mammals