Dosing and uses of OPV, Orimune (poliovirus vaccine live oral trivalent)
Poliovirus Prevention
0.5 mL PO; 2 doses > 6 weeks apart or <8 weeks apart followed by third dose 6-12 months later
Additional Information
Up-to-date vaccination schedules available at www.cdc.gov/nip/publications
Other Indications & Uses
Now recommended only during polio outbreaks, travel to endemic areas, or if pt refuses injectable form
Pediatric dosage forms and strengths
Poliovirus Prevention
Infants: 0.5 mL; at 2, 4, and 15-18 months old; fourth dose given when child begins schooL
Childresn and adolescents: 0.5 mL PO; 2 doses > 6 weeks apart or <8 weeks apart followed by third dose 6-12 months later
OPV, Orimune (poliovirus vaccine live oral trivalent) adverse (side) effects
Suspected adverse events after administration of any vaccine may be reported to Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS), 1-800-822-7967
Postmarketing Reports
Headache
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Fever
Vaccine-associated paralysis in 1 of 2.6 million doses
Allergy to neomycin or streptomycin
Anaphylaxis
Guillain-Barre syndrome
Warnings
Contraindications
Immunocompromised pt. or household member
History of anaphylaxis
Cautions
Risk of vaccine-associated paralysis in vaccinee or household member or other contactee
Use IPV for travel if <4 wk until departure
HIV+
Pregnancy and lactation
Pregnancy category: B
Lactation: not known if excreted in breast milk
Pregnancy categories
A: Generally acceptable. Controlled studies in pregnant women show no evidence of fetal risk.
B: May be acceptable. Either animal studies show no risk but human studies not available or animal studies showed minor risks and human studies done and showed no risk.
C: Use with caution if benefits outweigh risks. Animal studies show risk and human studies not available or neither animal nor human studies done.
D: Use in LIFE-THREATENING emergencies when no safer drug available. Positive evidence of human fetal risk.
X: Do not use in pregnancy. Risks involved outweigh potential benefits. Safer alternatives exist.
NA: Information not available.
Pharmacology of OPV, Orimune (poliovirus vaccine live oral trivalent)
These products convey active immunity via stimulation of production of endogenously produced antibodies
The onset of protection from disease is relatively slow, but duration is long lasting (years)
Duration: Unknown
Mechanism of action
Induction of active immunization against poliovirus type 1 by live attenuated poliomyelitis virus Sabin strain type 1
Attenuated, live virus multiplies in intestine & spreads to others in household to immunize
