poliovirus vaccine inactivated (IPOL, IPV, Poliovax)

Dosing and uses of IPOL, IPV (poliovirus vaccine inactivated)

• Adult
• Pediatric

 

Adult dosage forms and strengths

IM/SC Solution

• 5mL/vial

 

Poliovirus Prophylaxis

Routine vaccination not recommended for adults (18 years or older) residing in the US; however, unimmunized or incompletely immunized adults exposed to wild poliovirus should be vaccinated with a 3-dose series

0.5 mL SC/IM 2 doses 1-2 months apart with 3rd dose 6-12 months later, Or

3 doses >1 months apart or enough to complete total 3 doses

Completely vaccinated adults can receive 1 booster dose if traveling to polio endemic areas or to areas where the risk of exposure is high

Risk of exposure to wild polioviruses

• Travelers to regions or countries where poliomyelitis is endemic or epidemic
• Healthcare workers in close contact with patients who may be excreting polioviruses
• Laboratory workers handling specimens that may contain polioviruses
• Members of communities or specific population groups with disease caused by wild polioviruses

 

Additional Information

Up-to-date vaccination schedules available at www.cdc.gov/nip/publications

 

Pediatric dosage forms and strengths

 

Poliovirus Prophylaxis

<6 weeks old: Safety and efficacy not established

0.5 mL SC/IM; 2 doses 1-2 months apart (at 2 and 4 months old), 3rd dose 18 months later; and 4th dose at age 4-6 years old before entering schooL

 

IPOL, IPV (poliovirus vaccine inactivated) adverse (side) effects

Suspected adverse events after administration of any vaccine may be reported to Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS), 1-800-822-7967

 

>10%

Irritability (7-65%)

Tiredness (4-61%)

Fever >39 degrees C (38%)

Injection site tenderness (29%)

Injection site pain (13%)

Injection site swelling (11%)

 

1-10%

Erythema at inj site (3%), induration (1%)

Vomiting (1-3%)

Crying (1%)

 

Postmarketing Reports

Guillain-Barre syndrome

 

Warnings

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to neomycin, streptomycin, polymixin B

Defer if acute febrile illness

Concomitant methotrexate

 

Cautions

Do not administer additional doses if anaphylaxis to previous dose

Immunosuppressed patients may not develop immunity

 

Pregnancy and lactation

Pregnancy category: C

Lactation: not known if excreted in breast milk

 

Pregnancy categories

A: Generally acceptable. Controlled studies in pregnant women show no evidence of fetal risk.

B: May be acceptable. Either animal studies show no risk but human studies not available or animal studies showed minor risks and human studies done and showed no risk.

C: Use with caution if benefits outweigh risks. Animal studies show risk and human studies not available or neither animal nor human studies done.

D: Use in LIFE-THREATENING emergencies when no safer drug available. Positive evidence of human fetal risk.

X: Do not use in pregnancy. Risks involved outweigh potential benefits. Safer alternatives exist.

NA: Information not available.

 

Pharmacology of IPOL, IPV (poliovirus vaccine inactivated)

Mechanism of action

Inactivated virus of 3 strains; elicits antibody response following immunization

These products convey active immunity via stimulation of production of endogenously produced antibodies

The onset of protection from disease is relatively slow, but duration is long lasting (years)

Duration: Not established