poliovirus vaccine inactivated (IPOL, IPV, Poliovax)
Classes: Vaccines, Inactivated, Viral; Vaccines, Travel
Dosing and uses of IPOL, IPV (poliovirus vaccine inactivated)
Adult dosage forms and strengths
IM/SC Solution
- 5mL/vial
Poliovirus Prophylaxis
Routine vaccination not recommended for adults (18 years or older) residing in the US; however, unimmunized or incompletely immunized adults exposed to wild poliovirus should be vaccinated with a 3-dose series
0.5 mL SC/IM 2 doses 1-2 months apart with 3rd dose 6-12 months later, Or
3 doses >1 months apart or enough to complete total 3 doses
Completely vaccinated adults can receive 1 booster dose if traveling to polio endemic areas or to areas where the risk of exposure is high
Risk of exposure to wild polioviruses
- Travelers to regions or countries where poliomyelitis is endemic or epidemic
- Healthcare workers in close contact with patients who may be excreting polioviruses
- Laboratory workers handling specimens that may contain polioviruses
- Members of communities or specific population groups with disease caused by wild polioviruses
Additional Information
Up-to-date vaccination schedules available at www.cdc.gov/nip/publications
Pediatric dosage forms and strengths
Poliovirus Prophylaxis
<6 weeks old: Safety and efficacy not established
0.5 mL SC/IM; 2 doses 1-2 months apart (at 2 and 4 months old), 3rd dose 18 months later; and 4th dose at age 4-6 years old before entering schooL
IPOL, IPV (poliovirus vaccine inactivated) adverse (side) effects
Suspected adverse events after administration of any vaccine may be reported to Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS), 1-800-822-7967
>10%
Irritability (7-65%)
Tiredness (4-61%)
Fever >39 degrees C (38%)
Injection site tenderness (29%)
Injection site pain (13%)
Injection site swelling (11%)
1-10%
Erythema at inj site (3%), induration (1%)
Vomiting (1-3%)
Crying (1%)
Postmarketing Reports
Guillain-Barre syndrome
Warnings
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to neomycin, streptomycin, polymixin B
Defer if acute febrile illness
Concomitant methotrexate
Cautions
Do not administer additional doses if anaphylaxis to previous dose
Immunosuppressed patients may not develop immunity
Pregnancy and lactation
Pregnancy category: C
Lactation: not known if excreted in breast milk
Pregnancy categories
A: Generally acceptable. Controlled studies in pregnant women show no evidence of fetal risk.
B: May be acceptable. Either animal studies show no risk but human studies not available or animal studies showed minor risks and human studies done and showed no risk.
C: Use with caution if benefits outweigh risks. Animal studies show risk and human studies not available or neither animal nor human studies done.
D: Use in LIFE-THREATENING emergencies when no safer drug available. Positive evidence of human fetal risk.
X: Do not use in pregnancy. Risks involved outweigh potential benefits. Safer alternatives exist.
NA: Information not available.
Pharmacology of IPOL, IPV (poliovirus vaccine inactivated)
Mechanism of action
Inactivated virus of 3 strains; elicits antibody response following immunization
These products convey active immunity via stimulation of production of endogenously produced antibodies
The onset of protection from disease is relatively slow, but duration is long lasting (years)
Duration: Not established