Trulicity

Generic Name: dulaglutide injection, for subcutaneous use
Brand Name: Trulicity
Drug Class: Antidiabetics, Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Agonists

side effects drug center trulicity (dulaglutide injection, for subcutaneous use) drug

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PROFESSIONAL CONSUMER SIDE EFFECTS

Drug Description

What is Trulicity and how is it used?

Trulicity is a prescription medicine used to treat the symptoms of Diabetes Melltus Type 2. Trulicity may be used alone or with other medications.

Trulicity belongs to a class of drugs called Antidiabetics, Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Agonists.

It is not known if Trulicity is safe and effective in children.

What are the possible side effects of Trulicity?

Trulicity may cause serious side effects including:

severe pain in your upper stomach, spreading to your back,
nausea,
vomiting,
swelling or a lump in your neck,
trouble swallowing,
a horse voice,
shortness of breath,
headache,
hunger,
weakness,
sweating,
confusion,
irritability,
dizziness,
fast heart rate,
feeling jittery,
little or no urination,
swelling of your feet or ankles, and
tiredness

Get medical help right away, if you have any of the symptoms listed above.

The most common side effects of Trulicity include:

nausea,
vomiting,
stomach pain,
diarrhea, and
loss of appetite

Tell the doctor if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.

These are not all the possible side effects of Trulicity. For more information, ask your doctor or pharmacist.

Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

WARNING

RISK OF THYROID C-CELL TUMORS

In male and female rats, dulaglutide causes a dose-related and treatment-duration-dependent increase in the incidence of thyroid C-cell tumors (adenomas and carcinomas) after lifetime exposure. It is unknown whether TRULICITY causes thyroid C-cell tumors, including medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), in humans as human relevance of dulaglutide-induced rodent thyroid C-cell tumors has not been determined [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS , and Nonclinical Toxicology].
TRULICITY is contraindicated in patients with a personal or family history of MTC and in patients with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia syndrome type 2 (MEN 2). Counsel patients regarding the potential risk of MTC with use of TRULICITY and inform them of symptoms of thyroid tumors (e.g., mass in the neck, dysphagia, dyspnea, persistent hoarseness). Routine monitoring of serum calcitonin or using thyroid ultrasound is of uncertain value for early detection of MTC in patients treated with TRULICITY [see CONTRAINDICATIONS and WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].

DESCRIPTION

TRULICITY contains dulaglutide, a human GLP-1 receptor agonist. The molecule is a fusion protein that consists of 2 identical, disulfide-linked chains, each containing an N-terminal GLP-1 analog sequence covalently linked to the Fc portion of a modified human immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) heavy chain by a small peptide linker and is produced using mammalian cell culture. The GLP-1 analog portion of dulaglutide is 90% homologous to native human GLP-1 (7-37). Structural modifications were introduced in the GLP-1 part of the molecule responsible for interaction with the enzyme dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV (DPP-4). Additional modifications were made in an area with a potential T-cell epitope and in the areas of the IgG4 Fc part of the molecule responsible for binding the high-affinity Fc receptors and half-antibody formation. The overall molecular weight of dulaglutide is approximately 63 kilodaltons.

TRULICITY is a clear, colorless, sterile solution. Each 0.5 mL of TRULICITY solution contains 0.75 mg or 1.5 mg of dulaglutide. Each single-dose pen contains 0.5 mL of solution and the following excipients: citric acid anhydrous (0.07 mg), mannitol (23.2 mg), polysorbate 80 (0.10 mg), trisodium citrate dihydrate (1.37 mg), in water for injection.

Indications

INDICATIONS

TRULICITY^® is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Limitations Of Use

TRULICITY is not recommended as a first-line therapy for patients who have inadequate glycemic control on diet and exercise because of the uncertain relevance of rodent C-cell tumor findings to humans. Prescribe TRULICITY only to patients for whom the potential benefits outweigh the potential risk [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
TRULICITY has not been studied in patients with a history of pancreatitis [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]. Consider other antidiabetic therapies in patients with a history of pancreatitis.
TRULICITY should not be used in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus or for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis. TRULICITY is not a substitute for insulin.
TRULICITY has not been studied in patients with severe gastrointestinal disease, including severe gastroparesis. The use of TRULICITY is not recommended in patients with pre-existing severe gastrointestinal disease [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].

Dosage

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

Dosage

The recommended initiating dose of TRULICITY is 0.75 mg once weekly. The dose may be increased to 1.5 mg once weekly for additional glycemic control. The maximum recommended dose is 1.5 mg once weekly.

Administer TRULICITY once weekly, any time of day, with or without food. TRULICITY should be injected subcutaneously in the abdomen, thigh, or upper arm.

If a dose is missed, instruct patients to administer as soon as possible if there are at least 3 days (72 hours) until the next scheduled dose. If less than 3 days remain before the next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and administer the next dose on the regularly scheduled day. In each case, patients can then resume their regular once weekly dosing schedule.

The day of weekly administration can be changed if necessary as long as the last dose was administered 3 or more days before.

Concomitant Use With An Insulin Secretagogue (E.g., Sulfonylurea) Or With Insulin

When initiating TRULICITY, consider reducing the dosage of concomitantly administered insulin secretagogues (e.g., sulfonylureas) or insulin to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].

Important Administration Instructions

Prior to initiation of TRULICITY, patients should be trained by their healthcare professional on proper injection technique. Training reduces the risk of administration errors such as improper injection site, needle sticks, and incomplete dosing. Refer to the accompanying Instructions for Use for complete administration instructions with illustrations. The instructions can also be found at www.trulicity.com.

When using TRULICITY with insulin, instruct patients to administer as separate injections and to never mix the products. It is acceptable to inject TRULICITY and insulin in the same body region but the injections should not be adjacent to each other.

When injecting in the same body region, advise patients to use a different injection site each week. TRULICITY must not be administered intravenously or intramuscularly. TRULICITY solution should be visually inspected for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration.

HOW SUPPLIED

Dosage Forms And Strengths

Injection: 0.75 mg/0.5 mL solution in a single-dose pen
Injection: 1.5 mg/0.5 mL solution in a single-dose pen

Each TRULICITY single-dose pen is packaged in a cardboard outer carton.

Carton Of 4 Single-Dose Pens

0.75 mg/0.5 mL solution in a single-dose pen (NDC 0002-1433-80)
1.5 mg/0.5 mL solution in a single-dose pen (NDC 0002-1434-80)

Storage And Handling

Store TRULICITY in the refrigerator at 36°F to 46°F (2°C to 8°C). Do not use TRULICITY beyond the expiration date.
If needed, each single-dose pen can be kept at room temperature, not to exceed 86°F (30°C) for a total of 14 days.
Do not freeze TRULICITY. Do not use TRULICITY if it has been frozen.
TRULICITY must be protected from light. Storage of TRULICITY in the original carton is recommended until time of administration.
Discard the TRULICITY single-dose pen after use in a puncture-resistant container.

Manufactured by: Eli Lilly and Company Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA. Revised: Jan 2019

Side Effects & Drug Interactions

SIDE EFFECTS

The following serious reactions are described below or elsewhere in the prescribing information:

Risk of Thyroid C-cell Tumors [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]
Pancreatitis [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]
Hypoglycemia with Concomitant Use of Insulin Secretagogues or Insulin [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]
Hypersensitivity Reactions [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]
Acute Kidney Injury [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]
Severe Gastrointestinal Disease [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]

Clinical Studies Experience

Because clinical studies are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical studies of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical studies of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

Pool Of Placebo-Controlled Trials

The data in Table 1 are derived from placebo-controlled trials [see Clinical Studies].

These data reflect exposure of 1670 patients to TRULICITY and a mean duration of exposure to TRULICITY of 23.8 weeks. Across the treatment arms, the mean age of patients was 56 years, 1% were 75 years or older and 53% were male. The population in these studies was 69% White, 7% Black or African American, 13% Asian; 30% were of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. At baseline, the population had diabetes for an average of 8.0 years and had a mean HbA1c of 8.0%. At baseline, 2.5% of the population reported retinopathy. Baseline estimated renal function was normal or mildly impaired (eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m²) in 96.0% of the pooled study populations.

Table 1 shows common adverse reactions, excluding hypoglycemia, associated with the use of TRULICITY in a pool of placebo-controlled trials. These adverse reactions were not present at baseline, occurred more commonly on TRULICITY than on placebo, and occurred in at least 5% of patients treated with TRULICITY.

Table 1: Adverse Reactions in Placebo-Controlled Trials Reported in ≥5% of TRULICITY-Treated Patients

Adverse Reaction	Placebo (N=568) %	TRULICITY 0.75 mg (N=836) %	TRULICITY 1.5 mg (N=834) %
Nausea	5.3	12.4	21.1
Diarrhea^a	6.7	8.9	12.6
Vomiting^b	2.3	6.0	12.7
Abdominal Pain^c	4.9	6.5	9.4
Decreased Appetite	1.6	4.9	8.6
Dyspepsia	2.3	4.1	5.8
Fatigue^d	2.6	4.2	5.6
^a Includes diarrhea, fecal volume increased, frequent bowel movements. ^b Includes retching, vomiting, vomiting projectile. ^cIncludes abdominal discomfort, abdominal pain, abdominal pain lower, abdominal pain upper, abdominal tenderness, gastrointestinal pain. ^d Includes fatigue, asthenia, malaise. Note: Percentages reflect the number of patients that reported at least 1 treatment-emergent occurrence of the adverse reaction.

Gastrointestinal Adverse Reactions

In the pool of placebo-controlled trials, gastrointestinal adverse reactions occurred more frequently among patients receiving TRULICITY than placebo (placebo 21.3%, 0.75 mg 31.6%, 1.5 mg 41.0%). More patients receiving TRULICITY 0.75 mg (1.3%) and TRULICITY 1.5 mg (3.5%) discontinued treatment due to gastrointestinal adverse reactions than patients receiving placebo (0.2%). Investigators graded the severity of gastrointestinal adverse reactions occurring on 0.75 mg and 1.5 mg of TRULICITY as “mild” in 58% and 48% of cases, respectively, “moderate” in 35% and 42% of cases, respectively, or “severe” in 7% and 11% of cases, respectively.

In addition to the reactions in Table 1, the following adverse reactions were reported more frequently in TRULICITY-treated patients than placebo (frequencies listed, respectively, as: placebo; 0.75 mg; 1.5 mg): constipation (0.7%, 3.9%, 3.7%), flatulence (1.4%, 1.4%, 3.4%), abdominal distension (0.7%, 2.9%, 2.3%), gastroesophageal reflux disease (0.5%, 1.7%, 2.0%), and eructation (0.2%, 0.6%, 1.6%).

Pool Of Placebo-And Active-Controlled Trials

The occurrence of adverse reactions was also evaluated in a larger pool of patients with type 2 diabetes participating in 6 placebo-and active-controlled trials evaluating the use of TRULICITY as monotherapy and add-on therapy to oral medications or insulin [see Clinical Studies]. In this pool, a total of 3342 patients with type 2 diabetes were treated with TRULICITY for a mean duration of 52 weeks. The mean age of patients was 56 years, 2% were 75 years or older and 51% were male. The population in these studies was 71% White, 7% Black or African American, 11% Asian; 32% were of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. At baseline, the population had diabetes for an average of 8.2 years and had a mean HbA1c of 7.6-8.5%. At baseline, 5.2% of the population reported retinopathy. Baseline estimated renal function was normal or mildly impaired (eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m²) in 95.7% of the TRULICITY population.

In the pool of placebo-and active-controlled trials, the types and frequency of common adverse reactions, excluding hypoglycemia, were similar to those listed in Table 1.

Other Adverse Reactions

Hypoglycemia

Table 2 summarizes the incidence of hypoglycemia in the placebo-controlled clinical studies: episodes with a glucose level <54 mg/dL with or without symptoms, and severe hypoglycemia, defined as an episode requiring the assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions.

Table 2: Incidence (%) of Hypoglycemia in Placebo-Controlled Trials

	Placebo	TRULICITY 0.75 mg	TRULICITY 1.5 mg
Add-on to Metformin
(26 weeks)	N=177	N=302	N=304
Hypoglycemia with a glucose level <54 mg/dL	0	0.3	0.7
Severe hypoglycemia	0	0	0
Add-on to Metformin + Pioglitazone
(26 weeks)	N=141	N=280	N=279
Hypoglycemia with a glucose level <54 mg/dL	1.4	2.1	0
Severe hypoglycemia	0	0	0
Add-on to Glimepiride
(24 weeks)	N=60	-	N=239
Hypoglycemia with a glucose level <54 mg/dL	0	-	3.3
Severe hypoglycemia	0	-	0
In Combination with Insulin Glargine ± Metformin
(28 weeks)	N=150	-	N=150
Hypoglycemia with a glucose level <54 mg/dL	9.3	-	14.7
Severe hypoglycemia	0	-	0.7
Add-on to SGLT2i ± Metformin
(24 weeks)	N=140	N=141	N=142
Hypoglycemia with a glucose level <54 mg/dL	0.7	0.7	0.7
Severe hypoglycemia	0	0.7	0

Hypoglycemia was more frequent when TRULICITY was used in combination with a sulfonylurea or insulin than when used with non-secretagogues [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]. In a 78-week clinical trial, hypoglycemia (glucose level <54 mg/dL) occurred in 20% and 21% of patients when TRULICITY 0.75 mg and 1.5 mg, respectively, were co-administered with a sulfonylurea. Severe hypoglycemia occurred in 0% and 0.7% of patients when TRULICITY 0.75 mg and 1.5 mg, respectively, were co-administered with a sulfonylurea. In a 52-week clinical trial, hypoglycemia (glucose level <54 mg/dL) occurred in 77% and 69% of patients when TRULICITY 0.75 mg and 1.5 mg, respectively, were co-administered with prandial insulin. Severe hypoglycemia occurred in 2.7% and 3.4% of patients when TRULICITY 0.75 mg and 1.5 mg, respectively, were co-administered with prandial insulin. Refer to Table 2 for the incidence of hypoglycemia in patients treated in combination with basal insulin glargine.

Heart Rate Increase and Tachycardia-Related Adverse Reactions

TRULICITY 0.75 mg and 1.5 mg resulted in a mean increase in heart rate (HR) of 2-4 beats per minute (bpm). The long-term clinical effects of the increase in HR have not been established [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].

Adverse reactions of sinus tachycardia were reported more frequently in patients exposed to TRULICITY. Sinus tachycardia was reported in 3.0%, 2.8%, and 5.6% of patients treated with placebo, TRULICITY 0.75 mg and TRULICITY 1.5 mg, respectively. Persistence of sinus tachycardia (reported at more than 2 visits) was reported in 0.2%, 0.4% and 1.6% of patients treated with placebo, TRULICITY 0.75 mg and TRULICITY 1.5 mg, respectively. Episodes of sinus tachycardia, associated with a concomitant increase from baseline in heart rate of ≥15 beats per minute, were reported in 0.7%, 1.3% and 2.2% of patients treated with placebo, TRULICITY 0.75 mg and TRULICITY 1.5 mg, respectively.

Hypersensitivity

Systemic hypersensitivity adverse reactions, sometimes severe (e.g., severe urticaria, systemic rash, facial edema, lip swelling), occurred in 0.5% of patients on TRULICITY in the four Phase 2 and five Phase 3 studies.

Injection-site Reactions

In the placebo-controlled studies, injection-site reactions (e.g., injection-site rash, erythema) were reported in 0.5% of TRULICITY-treated patients and in 0.0% of placebo-treated patients.

PR Interval Prolongation and Adverse Reactions of First-Degree Atrioventricular (AV) Block

A mean increase from baseline in PR interval of 2-3 milliseconds was observed in TRULICITY-treated patients in contrast to a mean decrease of 0.9 milliseconds in placebo-treated patients. The adverse reaction of first-degree AV block occurred more frequently in patients treated with TRULICITY than placebo (0.9%, 1.7% and 2.3% for placebo, TRULICITY 0.75 mg and TRULICITY 1.5 mg, respectively). On electrocardiograms, a PR interval increase to at least 220 milliseconds was observed in 0.7%, 2.5% and 3.2% of patients treated with placebo, TRULICITY 0.75 mg and TRULICITY 1.5 mg, respectively.

Amylase and Lipase Increase

Patients exposed to TRULICITY had mean increases from baseline in lipase and/or pancreatic amylase of 14% to 20%, while placebo-treated patients had mean increases of up to 3%.

Immunogenicity

Across four Phase 2 and five Phase 3 clinical studies, 64 (1.6%) TRULICITY-treated patients developed anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) to the active ingredient in TRULICITY (i.e., dulaglutide).

Of the 64 dulaglutide-treated patients that developed dulaglutide ADAs, 34 patients (0.9% of the overall population) had dulaglutide-neutralizing antibodies, and 36 patients (0.9% of the overall population) developed antibodies against native GLP-1.

The detection of antibody formation is highly dependent on the sensitivity and specificity of the assay. Additionally, the observed incidence of antibody (including neutralizing antibody) positivity in an assay may be influenced by several factors including assay methodology, sample handling, timing of sample collection, concomitant medications, and underlying disease. For these reasons, the incidence of antibodies to dulaglutide cannot be directly compared with the incidence of antibodies of other products.

Postmarketing Experience

The following additional adverse reactions have been reported during post-approval use of TRULICITY. Because these events are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is generally not possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.

Anaphylactic reactions, angioedema [see CONTRAINDICATIONS , WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS , PATIENT INFORMATION].
Acute renal failure or worsening of chronic renal failure, sometimes requiring hemodialysis [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS and PATIENT INFORMATION].

DRUG INTERACTIONS

Oral Medications

TRULICITY slows gastric emptying and thus has the potential to reduce the rate of absorption of concomitantly administered oral medications. Caution should be exercised when oral medications are concomitantly administered with TRULICITY. Drug levels of oral medications with a narrow therapeutic index should be adequately monitored when concomitantly administered with TRULICITY. In clinical pharmacology studies, TRULICITY did not affect the absorption of the tested, orally administered medications to a clinically relevant degree [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].

Warnings & Precautions

WARNINGS

Included as part of the "PRECAUTIONS" Section

PRECAUTIONS

Risk Of Thyroid C-Cell Tumors

In male and female rats, dulaglutide causes a dose-related and treatment-duration-dependent increase in the incidence of thyroid C-cell tumors (adenomas and carcinomas) after lifetime exposure [see Nonclinical Toxicology]. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have induced thyroid C-cell adenomas and carcinomas in mice and rats at clinically relevant exposures. It is unknown whether TRULICITY will cause thyroid C-cell tumors, including medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), in humans, as the human relevance of dulaglutide-induced rodent thyroid C-cell tumors has not been determined.

One case of MTC was reported in a patient treated with TRULICITY. This patient had pretreatment calcitonin levels approximately 8 times the upper limit of normal (ULN). Cases of MTC in patients treated with liraglutide, another GLP-1 receptor agonist, have been reported in the postmarketing period; the data in these reports are insufficient to establish or exclude a causal relationship between MTC and GLP-1 receptor agonist use in humans.

TRULICITY is contraindicated in patients with a personal or family history of MTC or in patients with MEN 2. Counsel patients regarding the potential risk for MTC with the use of TRULICITY and inform them of symptoms of thyroid tumors (e.g. a mass in the neck, dysphagia, dyspnea, persistent hoarseness).

Routine monitoring of serum calcitonin or using thyroid ultrasound is of uncertain value for early detection of MTC in patients treated with TRULICITY. Such monitoring may increase the risk of unnecessary procedures, due to the low test specificity for serum calcitonin and a high background incidence of thyroid disease. Significantly elevated serum calcitonin values may indicate MTC and patients with MTC usually have calcitonin values >50 ng/L. If serum calcitonin is measured and found to be elevated, the patient should be further evaluated. Patients with thyroid nodules noted on physical examination or neck imaging should also be further evaluated.

Pancreatitis

In Phase 2 and Phase 3 clinical studies, 12 (3.4 cases per 1000 patient years) pancreatitis-related adverse reactions were reported in patients exposed to TRULICITY versus 3 in non-incretin comparators (2.7 cases per 1000 patient years). An analysis of adjudicated events revealed 5 cases of confirmed pancreatitis in patients exposed to TRULICITY (1.4 cases per 1000 patient years) versus 1 case in non-incretin comparators (0.88 cases per 1000 patient years).

After initiation of TRULICITY, observe patients carefully for signs and symptoms of pancreatitis, including persistent severe abdominal pain, sometimes radiating to the back, which may or may not be accompanied by vomiting. If pancreatitis is suspected, promptly discontinue TRULICITY. If pancreatitis is confirmed, TRULICITY should not be restarted. TRULICITY has not been evaluated in patients with a prior history of pancreatitis. Consider other antidiabetic therapies in patients with a history of pancreatitis.

Hypoglycemia With Concomitant Use Of Insulin Secretagogues Or Insulin

The risk of hypoglycemia is increased when TRULICITY is used in combination with insulin secretagogues (e.g., sulfonylureas) or insulin. Patients may require a lower dose of sulfonylurea or insulin to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia in this setting [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION, ADVERSE REACTIONS].

Hypersensitivity Reactions

There have been postmarketing reports of serious hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylactic reactions and angioedema in patients treated with TRULICITY [see ADVERSE REACTIONS]. If a hypersensitivity reaction occurs, discontinue TRULICITY; treat promptly per standard of care, and monitor until signs and symptoms resolve. Do not use in patients with a previous hypersensitivity reaction to TRULICITY [see CONTRAINDICATIONS].

Anaphylaxis and angioedema have been reported with other GLP-1 receptor agonists. Use caution in a patient with a history of angioedema or anaphylaxis with another GLP-1 receptor agonist because it is unknown whether such patients will be predisposed to anaphylaxis with TRULICITY.

Acute Kidney Injury

In patients treated with GLP-1 receptor agonists, including TRULICITY, there have been postmarketing reports of acute renal failure and worsening of chronic renal failure, which may sometimes require hemodialysis. Some of these events were reported in patients without known underlying renal disease. A majority of reported events occurred in patients who had experienced nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or dehydration. Because these reactions may worsen renal function, use caution when initiating or escalating doses of TRULICITY in patients with renal impairment. Monitor renal function in patients with renal impairment reporting severe adverse gastrointestinal reactions [see Use In Specific Populations].

Severe Gastrointestinal Disease

Use of TRULICITY may be associated with gastrointestinal adverse reactions, sometimes severe [see ADVERSE REACTIONS]. TRULICITY has not been studied in patients with severe gastrointestinal disease, including severe gastroparesis, and is therefore not recommended in these patients.

Macrovascular Outcomes

There have been no clinical studies establishing conclusive evidence of macrovascular risk reduction with TRULICITY.

Patient Counseling Information

See FDA-Approved PATIENT INFORMATION

Inform patients that TRULICITY causes benign and malignant thyroid C-cell tumors in rats and that the human relevance of this finding has not been determined. Counsel patients to report symptoms of thyroid tumors (e.g., a lump in the neck, persistent hoarseness, dysphagia, or dyspnea) to their physician [see BOX WARNING and WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Inform patients that persistent severe abdominal pain, that may radiate to the back and which may (or may not) be accompanied by vomiting, is the hallmark symptom of acute pancreatitis. Instruct patients to discontinue TRULICITY promptly, and to contact their physician, if persistent severe abdominal pain occurs [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
The risk of hypoglycemia may be increased when TRULICITY is used in combination with a medicine that can cause hypoglycemia, such as a sulfonylurea or insulin. Review and reinforce instructions for hypoglycemia management when initiating TRULICITY therapy, particularly when concomitantly administered with a sulfonylurea or insulin [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Advise patients of the potential risk of dehydration due to gastrointestinal adverse reactions and take precautions to avoid fluid depletion. Inform patients treated with TRULICITY of the potential risk for worsening renal function and explain the associated signs and symptoms of renal impairment, as well as the possibility of dialysis as a medical intervention if renal failure occurs [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Inform patients that serious hypersensitivity reactions have been reported with use of TRULICITY. Advise patients on the symptoms of hypersensitivity reactions and instruct them to stop taking TRULICITY and seek medical advice promptly if such symptoms occur [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Advise women to inform their healthcare provider if they are pregnant or intend to become pregnant [see Use In Specific Populations].
Prior to initiation of TRULICITY, train patients on proper injection technique to ensure a full dose is delivered. Refer to the accompanying Instructions for Use for complete administration instructions with illustrations [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].
Inform patients of the potential risks and benefits of TRULICITY and of alternative modes of therapy. Inform patients about the importance of adherence to dietary instructions, regular physical activity, periodic blood glucose monitoring and HbA1c testing, recognition and management of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, and assessment for diabetes complications. During periods of stress such as fever, trauma, infection, or surgery, medication requirements may change and advise patients to seek medical advice promptly.
Each weekly dose of TRULICITY can be administered at any time of day, with or without food. The day of once weekly administration can be changed if necessary, as long as the last dose was administered 3 or more days before. If a dose is missed and there are at least 3 days (72 hours) until the next scheduled dose, it should be administered as soon as possible. Thereafter, patients can resume their usual once weekly dosing schedule. If a dose is missed and the next regularly scheduled dose is due in 1 or 2 days, the patient should not administer the missed dose and instead resume TRULICITY with the next regularly scheduled dose [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].
Advise patients treated with TRULICITY of the potential risk of gastrointestinal side effects [see ADVERSE REACTIONS].
Instruct patients to read the Medication Guide and the Instructions for Use before starting TRULICITY therapy and review them each time the prescription is refilled. Instruct patients to inform their doctor or pharmacist if they develop any unusual symptom, or if any known symptom persists or worsens.
Inform patients that response to all diabetic therapies should be monitored by periodic measurements of blood glucose and HbA1c levels, with a goal of decreasing these levels towards the normal range. HbA1c is especially useful for evaluating long-term glycemic control.

Nonclinical Toxicology

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, And Impairment Of Fertility

A 2-year carcinogenicity study was conducted with dulaglutide in male and female rats at doses of 0.05, 0.5, 1.5, and 5.0 mg/kg (0.5-, 7-, 20-, and 58-fold the MRHD of 1.5 mg once weekly based on AUC) administered by subcutaneous injection twice weekly. In rats, dulaglutide caused a dose-related and treatment-duration-dependent increase in the incidence of thyroid C-cell tumors (adenomas and/or carcinomas) compared to controls, at ≥7-fold the MRHD based on AUC. A statistically significant increase in C-cell adenomas was observed in rats receiving dulaglutide at ≥0.5 mg/kg. Numerical increases in thyroid C-cell carcinomas occurred at 5 mg/kg (58 times the MRHD based on AUC) and were considered to be treatment-related despite the absence of statistical significance.

A 6-month carcinogenicity study was conducted with dulaglutide in rasH2 transgenic mice at doses of 0.3, 1.0, and 3.0 mg/kg administered by subcutaneous injection twice weekly. Dulaglutide did not produce increased incidences of thyroid C-cell hyperplasia or neoplasia at any dose.

Dulaglutide is a recombinant protein; no genotoxicity studies have been conducted.

Human relevance of thyroid C-cell tumors in rats is unknown and could not be determined by clinical studies or nonclinical studies [see BOX WARNING and WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].

In fertility and early embryonic development studies in male and female rats, no adverse effects of dulaglutide on sperm morphology, mating, fertility, conception, and embryonic survival were observed at up to 16.3 mg/kg (130-fold the MRHD based on AUC). In female rats, an increase in the number of females with prolonged diestrus and a dose-related decrease in the mean number of corpora lutea, implantation sites, and viable embryos were observed at ≥4.9 mg/kg (≥32fold the MRHD based on AUC), which occurred in the presence of decreased maternal food consumption and body weight gain.

Use In Specific Populations

Pregnancy

Risk Summary

Limited data with TRULICITY in pregnant women are not sufficient to determine a drug-associated risk for major birth defects and miscarriage. There are clinical considerations regarding the risks of poorly controlled diabetes in pregnancy [see Clinical Considerations]. Based on animal reproduction studies, there may be risks to the fetus from exposure to dulaglutide during pregnancy. TRULICITY should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

In pregnant rats administered dulaglutide during organogenesis, early embryonic deaths, fetal growth reductions, and fetal abnormalities occurred at systemic exposures at least 14-times human exposure at the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) of 1.5 mg/week. In pregnant rabbits administered dulaglutide during organogenesis, major fetal abnormalities occurred at 13-times human exposure at the MRHD. Adverse embryo/fetal effects in animals occurred in association with decreased maternal weight and food consumption attributed to the pharmacology of dulaglutide [see Data].

The estimated background risk of major birth defects is 6–10% in women with pre-gestational diabetes with an HbA1c >7% and has been reported to be as high as 20–25% in women with an HbA1c >10%. The estimated background risk of miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2–4% and 15–20%, respectively.

Clinical Considerations

Disease-associated maternal and/or embryo/fetal risk

Poorly controlled diabetes in pregnancy increases the maternal risk for diabetic ketoacidosis, pre-eclampsia, spontaneous abortions, preterm delivery, stillbirth and delivery complications. Poorly controlled diabetes increases the fetal risk for major birth defects, stillbirth, and macrosomia-related morbidity.

Data

Animal Data

Pregnant rats given subcutaneous doses of 0.49, 1.63, or 4.89 mg/kg dulaglutide every 3 days during organogenesis had systemic exposures 4-, 14-, and 44-times human exposure at the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) of 1.5 mg/week, respectively, based on plasma area under the time-concentration curve (AUC) comparison. Reduced fetal weights associated with decreased maternal food intake and decreased weight gain attributed to the pharmacology of dulaglutide were observed at ≥1.63 mg/kg. Irregular skeletal ossifications and increases in post-implantation loss also were observed at 4.89 mg/kg.

In pregnant rabbits given subcutaneous doses of 0.04, 0.12, or 0.41 mg/kg dulaglutide every 3 days during organogenesis, systemic exposures in pregnant rabbits were 1-, 4-, and 13-times human exposure at the MRHD, based on plasma AUC comparison. Fetal visceral malformation of lung lobular agenesis and skeletal malformations of the vertebrae and/or ribs were observed in conjunction with decreased maternal food intake and decreased weight gain attributed to the pharmacology of dulaglutide at 0.41 mg/kg.

In a prenatal-postnatal study in F₀ maternal rats given subcutaneous doses of 0.2, 0.49, or 1.63 mg/kg every third day from implantation through lactation, systemic exposures in pregnant rats were 2-, 4-, and 16-times human exposure at the MRHD, based on plasma AUC comparison. F₁ pups from F₀ maternal rats given 1.63 mg/kg dulaglutide had statistically significantly lower mean body weight from birth through postnatal day 63 for males and postnatal day 84 for females. F₁ offspring from F₀ maternal rats receiving 1.63 mg/kg dulaglutide had decreased forelimb and hindlimb grip strength and males had delayed balano-preputial separation. Females had decreased startle response. These physical findings may relate to the decreased size of the offspring relative to controls as they appeared at early postnatal assessments but were not observed at a later assessment. F₁ female offspring of the F₀ maternal rats given 1.63 mg/kg of dulaglutide had a longer mean escape time and a higher mean number of errors relative to concurrent control during 1 of 2 trials in the memory evaluation portion of the Biel water maze. These findings occurred in conjunction with decreased F₀ maternal food intake and decreased weight gain attributed to the pharmacologic activity at 1.63 mg/kg. The human relevance of these memory deficits in the F₁ female rats is not known.

Lactation

Risk Summary

There are no data on the presence of dulaglutide in human milk, the effects on the breastfed infant, or the effects on milk production. The presence of dulaglutide in milk of treated lactating animals was not determined. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for TRULICITY and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant from TRULICITY or from the underlying maternal condition.

Pediatric Use

Safety and effectiveness of TRULICITY have not been established in pediatric patients. TRULICITY is not recommended for use in pediatric patients younger than 18 years.

Geriatric Use

In the pool of placebo-and active-controlled trials [see ADVERSE REACTIONS], 620 (18.6%) TRULICITY-treated patients were 65 years of age and over and 65 TRULICITY-treated patients (1.9%) patients were 75 years of age and over. No overall differences in safety or efficacy were detected between these patients and younger patients, but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out.

Hepatic Impairment

There is limited clinical experience in patients with mild, moderate, or severe hepatic impairment. Therefore, TRULICITY should be used with caution in these patient populations.

In a clinical pharmacology study in subjects with varying degrees of hepatic impairment, no clinically relevant change in dulaglutide pharmacokinetics (PK) was observed [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].

Renal Impairment

In four Phase 2 and five Phase 3 randomized clinical studies, at baseline, 50 (1.2%) TRULICITY-treated patients had mild renal impairment (eGFR ≥60 but <90 mL/min/1.73 m²), 171 (4.3%) TRULICITY-treated patients had moderate renal impairment (eGFR ≥30 but <60 mL/min/1.73 m²), and no TRULICITY-treated patients had severe renal impairment (eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m²). In a 52-week clinical trial, 270 (71%) TRULICITY-treated patients had moderate renal impairment (eGFR ≥ 30 but <60 mL/min/1.73 m²) and 112 (29%) TRULICITY-treated patients had severe renal impairment (eGFR ≥ 15 but < 30 mL/min/1.73 m²) [see Clinical Studies]. No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed in this study.

In a clinical pharmacology study in subjects with renal impairment, including end-stage renal disease (ESRD), no clinically relevant change in dulaglutide PK was observed. In the 52-week Phase 3 study in patients with type 2 diabetes and moderate to severe renal impairment, the PK behavior of TRULICITY 0.75 mg and 1.5 mg once weekly was similar to that demonstrated in previous clinical studies [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].

No dose adjustment is recommended in patients with renal impairment including end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Monitor renal function in patients with renal impairment reporting severe adverse gastrointestinal reactions. There is limited clinical experience in patients with ESRD. TRULICITY should be used with caution in patients with ESRD [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS, CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].

Gastroparesis

Dulaglutide slows gastric emptying. TRULICITY has not been studied in patients with preexisting gastroparesis.

Overdosage & Contraindications

OVERDOSE

Overdoses have been reported in clinical studies. Effects associated with these overdoses were primarily mild or moderate gastrointestinal events (e.g., nausea, vomiting) and non-severe hypoglycemia. In the event of overdose, appropriate supportive care (including frequent plasma glucose monitoring) should be initiated according to the patient’s clinical signs and symptoms.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma

TRULICITY is contraindicated in patients with a personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) or in patients with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia syndrome type 2 (MEN 2) [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].

Hypersensitivity

TRULICITY is contraindicated in patients with a prior serious hypersensitivity reaction to dulaglutide or to any of the product components. Serious hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylactic reactions and angioedema have been reported with TRULICITY [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].

Clinical Pharmacology

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

Mechanism Of Action

TRULICITY contains dulaglutide, which is a human GLP-1 receptor agonist with 90% amino acid sequence homology to endogenous human GLP-1 (7-37). Dulaglutide activates the GLP-1 receptor, a membrane-bound cell-surface receptor coupled to adenylyl cyclase in pancreatic beta cells. Dulaglutide increases intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) in beta cells leading to glucose-dependent insulin release. Dulaglutide also decreases glucagon secretion and slows gastric emptying.

Pharmacodynamics

TRULICITY lowers fasting glucose and reduces postprandial glucose (PPG) concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The reduction in fasting and postprandial glucose can be observed after a single dose.

Fasting And Postprandial Glucose

In a clinical pharmacology study in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus, treatment with once weekly TRULICITY resulted in a reduction of fasting and 2-hour PPG concentrations, and postprandial serum glucose incremental AUC, when compared to placebo (-25.6 mg/dL, -59.5 mg/dL, and -197 mg*h/dL, respectively); these effects were sustained after 6 weeks of dosing with the 1.5 mg dose.

First-And Second-Phase Insulin Secretion

Both first-and second-phase insulin secretion were increased in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with TRULICITY compared with placebo.

Insulin and Glucagon Secretion TRULICITY stimulates glucose-dependent insulin secretion and reduces glucagon secretion. Treatment with TRULICITY 0.75 mg and 1.5 mg once weekly increased fasting insulin from baseline at Week 26 by 35.38 and 17.50 pmol/L, respectively, and C-peptide concentration by 0.09 and 0.07 nmol/L, respectively, in a Phase 3 monotherapy study. In the same study, fasting glucagon concentration was reduced by 1.71 and 2.05 pmol/L from baseline with TRULICITY 0.75 mg and 1.5 mg, respectively.

Gastric Motility

Dulaglutide causes a delay of gastric emptying. The delay is largest after the first dose and diminishes with subsequent doses.

Cardiac Electrophysiology (QTc)

The effect of dulaglutide on cardiac repolarization was tested in a thorough QTc study. Dulaglutide did not produce QTc prolongation at supratherapeutic doses of 4 and 7 mg.

Pharmacokinetics

The pharmacokinetics of dulaglutide is similar between healthy subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Following subcutaneous administration, the time to maximum plasma concentration of dulaglutide at steady state ranges from 24 to 72 hours, with a median of 48 hours. After multiple-dose administration of 1.5 mg to steady state, the mean peak plasma concentration (Cmax) and total systemic exposure (AUC) of dulaglutide were 114 ng/mL (range 56 to 231 ng/mL) and 14,000 ng*h/mL (range 6940 to 26,000 ng*h/mL), respectively; accumulation ratio was approximately 1.56. Steady-state plasma dulaglutide concentrations were achieved between 2 and 4 weeks following once weekly administration. Site of subcutaneous administration (abdomen, upper arm, and thigh) had no statistically significant effect on the exposure to dulaglutide.

Absorption

The mean absolute bioavailability of dulaglutide following subcutaneous administration of single 0.75 mg and 1.5 mg doses was 65% and 47%, respectively.

Distribution

The mean volumes of distribution after subcutaneous administration of TRULICITY 0.75 mg and 1.5 mg to steady state were approximately 19.2 L (range 14.3 to 26.4 L) and 17.4 L (range 9.3 to 33 L), respectively.

Metabolism

Dulaglutide is presumed to be degraded into its component amino acids by general protein catabolism pathways.

Elimination

The mean apparent clearance at steady state of dulaglutide is approximately 0.111 L/h for the 0.75 mg dose, and 0.107 L/h for the 1.5 mg dose. The elimination half-life of dulaglutide for both doses is approximately 5 days.

Specific Populations

No dose adjustment of dulaglutide is needed based on age, gender, race, ethnicity, body weight, or renal or hepatic impairment. The effects of intrinsic factors on the PK of dulaglutide are shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1: Impact of intrinsic factors on dulaglutide pharmacokinetics.

Impact of intrinsic factors on dulaglutide pharmacokinetics - Illustration

Abbreviations: AUC = area under the time-concentration curve; CI = confidence interval; Cmax = maximum concentration; ESRD = end-stage renal disease; PK = pharmacokinetics. Note: Reference values for weight, age, gender, and race comparisons are 93 kg, 56 years old, male, and white, respectively; reference groups for renal and hepatic impairment data are subjects with normal renal and hepatic function from the respective clinical pharmacology studies. The weight values shown in the plot (70 and 120 kg) are the 10th and 90th percentiles of weight in the Phase 3 PK population.

Renal

Dulaglutide systemic exposure was increased by 20, 28, 14 and 12% for mild, moderate, severe, and ESRD renal impairment sub-groups, respectively, compared to subjects with normal renal function. The corresponding values for increase in Cmax were 13, 23, 20 and 11%, respectively (Figure 1). Additionally, in a 52 week Phase 3 study in patients with type 2 diabetes and moderate to severe renal impairment, the PK behavior of TRULICITY 0.75 mg and 1.5 mg once weekly was similar to that demonstrated in previous clinical studies [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS , Use In Specific Populations].

Hepatic

Dulaglutide systemic exposure decreased by 23, 33 and 21% for mild, moderate and severe hepatic impairment groups, respectively, compared to subjects with normal hepatic function, and Cmax was decreased by a similar magnitude (Figure 1). [see Use In Specific Populations].

Drug Interactions

The potential effect of co-administered medications on the PK of dulaglutide and vice versa was studied in several single-and multiple-dose studies in healthy subjects, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and patients with hypertension.

Potential For Dulaglutide To Influence The Pharmacokinetics Of Other Drugs

Dulaglutide slows gastric emptying and, as a result, may reduce the extent and rate of absorption of orally co-administered medications. In clinical pharmacology studies, dulaglutide did not affect the absorption of the tested orally administered medications to any clinically relevant degree.

Pharmacokinetic (PK) measures indicating the magnitude of these interactions are presented in Figure 2. No dose adjustment is recommended for any of the evaluated co-administered medications.

Figure 2: Impact of dulaglutide on the pharmacokinetics of co-administered medications.

Impact of dulaglutide on the pharmacokinetics of co-administered medications - Illustration

Abbreviations: AUC = area under the time-concentration curve; CI = confidence interval; Cmax = maximum concentration; PK = pharmacokinetics. Note: Reference group is co-administered medication given alone.

Potential For Co-Administered Drugs To Influence The Pharmacokinetics Of Dulaglutide

In a clinical pharmacology study, the co-administration of a single dose of dulaglutide (1.5 mg) with steady-state sitagliptin (100 mg) caused an increase in dulaglutide AUC and Cmax of approximately 38% and 27%, which is not considered clinically relevant.

Animal Toxicology And/Or Pharmacology

Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats were given 0.5, 1.5, or 5.0 mg/kg/twice weekly of dulaglutide (3-, 8-, and 30-fold the MRHD based on AUC) for 3 months. Increases of 12% to 33% in total and pancreatic amylase, but not lipase, were observed at all doses without microscopic pancreatic inflammatory correlates in individual animals. Other changes in the dulaglutide-treated animals included increased interlobular ductal epithelium without active ductal cell proliferation (≥0.5 mg/kg), increased acinar atrophy with/without inflammation (≥1.5 mg/kg), and increased neutrophilic inflammation of the acinar pancreas (5 mg/kg).

Treatment of monkeys for 12 months with 8.15 mg/kg/twice weekly of dulaglutide (nearly 500-fold the MRHD based on AUC) demonstrated no evidence of pancreatic inflammation or pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia. In 4 of 19 monkeys on dulaglutide treatment, there was an increase in goblet cells within the pancreatic ducts, but no differences from the control group in total amylase or lipase at study termination. There were no proliferative changes in the thyroid C-cells.

Clinical Studies

TRULICITY has been studied as monotherapy and in combination with metformin, sulfonylurea, metformin and sulfonylurea, metformin and thiazolidinedione, sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) with or without metformin, basal insulin with or without metformin, and prandial insulin with or without metformin. TRULICITY has also been studied in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and moderate to severe renal impairment.

The studies evaluated the use of TRULICITY 0.75 mg and 1.5 mg. Uptitration was not performed in any of the trials; patients were initiated and maintained on either 0.75 mg or 1.5 mg for the duration of the trials.

In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, TRULICITY produced reductions from baseline in HbA1c compared to placebo. No overall differences in glycemic effectiveness were observed across demographic subgroups (age, gender, race/ethnicity, duration of diabetes).

Monotherapy

In a 52-week double-blind study (26-week primary endpoint), 807 patients inadequately treated with diet and exercise, or with diet and exercise and one antidiabetic agent used at submaximal dose, were randomized to TRULICITY 0.75 mg once weekly, TRULICITY 1.5 mg once weekly, or metformin 1500 to 2000 mg/day following a two-week washout. Seventy-five percent (75%) of the randomized population were treated with one antidiabetic agent at the screening visit. Most patients previously treated with an antidiabetic agent were receiving metformin (~90%) at a median dose of 1000 mg daily and approximately 10% were receiving a sulfonylurea.

Patients had a mean age of 56 years and a mean duration of type 2 diabetes of 3 years. Forty-four percent were male. The White, Black and Asian race accounted for 74%, 7% and 8% of the population, respectively. Twenty-nine percent of the study population were from the US.

Treatment with TRULICITY 0.75 mg and 1.5 mg once weekly resulted in reduction in HbA1c from baseline at the 26week primary timepoint (Table 3). The difference in observed effect size between TRULICITY 0.75 mg and 1.5 mg, respectively, and metformin excluded the pre-specified non-inferiority margin of 0.4%.

Table 3: Results at Week 26 in a Trial of TRULICITY as Monotherapy^a

	26-Week Primary Time Point
	TRULICITY 0.75 mg	TRULICITY 1.5 mg	Metformin 1500-2000 mg
Intent-to-Treat (ITT) Population (N)^‡	270	269	268
HbA1c (%) (Mean)
Baseline	7.6	7.6	7.6
Change from baseline^b	-0.7	-0.8	-0.6
Fasting Serum Glucose (mg/dL) (Mean)
Baseline	161	164	161
Change from baseline^b	-26	-29	-24
Body Weight (kg) (Mean)
Baseline	91.8	92.7	92.4
Change from baseline^b	-1.4	-2.3	-2.2
Abbreviation: HbA1c = hemoglobin A1c. ^a Intent-to-treat population. Last observation carried forward (LOCF) was used to impute missing data. Data post-onset of rescue therapy are treated as missing. At Week 26, primary efficacy was missing for 10%, 12% and 14% of individuals randomized to TRULICITY 0.75 mg, TRULICITY 1.5 mg and metformin, respectively. ^b Least-squares mean adjusted for baseline value and other stratification factors. ^‡ Subjects included in the analysis are a subset of the ITT population that had at least one post-baseline assessment. The primary analysis included 265 individuals in each of the treatment arms.

Combination Therapy

Add-On To Metformin

In this 104-week placebo-controlled, double-blind study (52-week primary endpoint), 972 patients were randomized to placebo, TRULICITY 0.75 mg once weekly, TRULICITY 1.5 mg once weekly, or sitagliptin 100 mg/day (after 26 weeks, patients in the placebo treatment group received blinded sitagliptin 100 mg/day for the remainder of the study), all as add-on to metformin. Randomization occurred after an 11-week lead-in period to allow for a metformin titration period, followed by a 6-week glycemic stabilization period. Patients had a mean age of 54 years; mean duration of type 2 diabetes of 7 years; 48% were male; race: White, Black and Asian were 53%, 4% and 27%, respectively; and 24% of the study population were in the US.

At the 26-week placebo-controlled time point, the HbA1c change was 0.1%, -1.0%, -1.2%, and -0.6% for placebo, TRULICITY 0.75 mg, TRULICITY 1.5 mg, and sitagliptin, respectively. The percentage of patients who achieved HbA1c <7.0% was 22%, 56%, 62% and 39% for placebo, TRULICITY 0.75 mg, TRULICITY 1.5 mg, and sitagliptin, respectively. At 26 weeks, there was a mean weight reduction of 1.4 kg, 2.7 kg, 3.0 kg, and 1.4 kg for placebo, TRULICITY 0.75 mg, TRULICITY 1.5 mg, and sitagliptin, respectively. There was a mean reduction of fasting glucose of 9 mg/dL, 35 mg/dL, 41 mg/dL, and 18 mg/dL for placebo, TRULICITY 0.75 mg, TRULICITY 1.5 mg, and sitagliptin, respectively.

Treatment with TRULICITY 0.75 mg and 1.5 mg once weekly resulted in a statistically significant reduction in HbA1c compared to placebo (at 26 weeks) and compared to sitagliptin (at 26 and 52 weeks), all in combination with metformin (Table 4 and Figure 3).

Table 4: Results at Week 52 of TRULICITY Compared to Sitagliptin used as Add-On to Metformin^a

	52-Week Primary Time Point
	TRULICITY 0.75 mg	TRULICITY 1.5 mg	Sitagliptin 100 mg
Intent-to-Treat (ITT) Population (N)^‡	281	279	273
HbA1c (%) (Mean)
Baseline	8.2	8.1	8.0
Change from baseline^b	-0.9	-1.1	-0.4
Difference from sitagliptin^b (95% CI)	-0.5 (-0.7, -0.3)^††	-0.7 (-0.9, -0.5)^††	-
Percentage of patients HbA1c <7.0%	49^##	59^##	33
Fasting Plasma Glucose (mg/dL) (Mean)
Baseline	174	173	171
Change from baseline^b	-30	-41	-14
Difference from sitagliptin^b (95% CI)	-15 (-22, -9)	-27 (-33, -20)	-
Body Weight (kg) (Mean)
Baseline	85.5	86.5	85.8
Change from baseline^b	-2.7	-3.1	-1.5
Difference from sitagliptin^b (95% CI)	-1.2 (-1.8, -0.6)	-1.5 (-2.1, -0.9)	-
Abbreviations: HbA1c = hemoglobin A1c. ^a All ITT patients randomized after the dose-finding portion of the study. Last observation carried forward (LOCF) was used to impute missing data. At Week 52 primary efficacy was missing for 15%, 19%, and 20% of individuals randomized to TRULICITY 0.75 mg, TRULICITY 1.5 mg and sitagliptin, respectively. ^b Least-squares (LS) mean adjusted for baseline value and other stratification factors. ^‡ Subjects included in the analysis are a subset of the ITT population that had at least one post-baseline assessment. The primary analysis included 276, 277, and 270 individuals randomized to TRULICITY 0.75 mg, TRULICITY 1.5 mg and sitagliptin, respectively. ^†† Multiplicity adjusted 1-sided p-value <0.001, for superiority of TRULICITY compared to sitagliptin, assessed only for HbA1c. ^## p<0.001 TRULICITY compared to sitagliptin, assessed only for HbA1c <7.0%.

Figure 3: Adjusted Mean HbA1c Change at each Time Point (ITT, MMRM) and at Week 52 (ITT, LOCF)

Adjusted Mean HbA1c Change at each Time Point (ITT, MMRM) and at Week 52 (ITT, LOCF) - Illustration

Number of subjects with observed data
Placebo	139	108
TRULICITY 0.75 mg	281	258	238
TRULICITY 1.5 mg	279	249	225
Sitagliptin	273	241	219
Mean change from baseline adjusted for baseline HbA1c and country.

Add-On To Sulfonylurea

In this 24-week placebo-controlled, double-blind study, 299 patients were randomized to and received placebo or once weekly TRULICITY 1.5 mg, both as add-on to glimepiride. Patients had a mean age of 58 years; mean duration of type 2 diabetes of 8 years; 44% were male; race: White, Black, and Asian were 83%, 4%, and 2%, respectively; and 24% of the study population were in the US.

At 24 weeks, treatment with once weekly TRULICITY 1.5 mg resulted in a statistically significant reduction in HbA1c compared to placebo (Table 5).

Table 5: Results at Week 24 of TRULICITY Compared to Placebo as Add-On to Glimepiride^a

	24-Week Primary Time Point
	Placebo	TRULICITY 1.5 mg
Intent-to-Treat (ITT) Population (N)	60	239
HbA1c (%) (Mean)
Baseline	8.4	8.4
Change from baseline^b	-0.3	-1.3
Difference from placebo^b (95% CI)		-1.1 (-1.4, -0.7)^††
Percentage of patients HbA1c <7.0%^c	17	50^††
Fasting Serum Glucose (mg/dL) (Mean)
Baseline	175	178
Change from baseline^b	2	-28
Difference from placebo^b (95% CI)		-30 (-44, -15)^††
Body Weight (kg) (Mean)
Baseline	89.5	84.5
Change from baseline^b	-0.2	-0.5
Difference from placebo^b (95% CI)
Abbreviations: HbA1c = hemoglobin A1c. ^a Intent-to-treat population. Data post-onset of rescue therapy are treated as missing. At Week 24 primary efficacy was missing for 10% and 12% of individuals randomized to TRULICITY 1.5 mg and placebo, respectively. ^b Least-squares mean from ANCOVA adjusted for baseline value and other stratification factors. Placebo multiple imputation, with respect to the baseline values, was used to model a wash-out of the treatment effect for subjects having missing Week 24 data. ^c Patients with missing HbA1c data at Week 24 were considered as non-responders. ^†† p<0.001 for superiority of TRULICITY 1.5 mg compared to placebo, overall type I error controlled.

Add-On To Metformin And Thiazolidinedione

In this 52-week placebo-controlled study (26-week primary endpoint), 976 patients were randomized to and received placebo, TRULICITY 0.75 mg once weekly, TRULICITY 1.5 mg once weekly, or exenatide 10 mcg BID, all as add-on to maximally tolerated doses of metformin (≥1500 mg per day) and pioglitazone (up to 45 mg per day). Exenatide treatment group assignment was open-label while the treatment assignments to placebo, TRULICITY 0.75 mg, and TRULICITY 1.5 mg were blinded. After 26 weeks, patients in the placebo treatment group were randomized to either TRULICITY 0.75 mg once weekly or TRULICITY 1.5 mg once weekly to maintain study blind. Randomization occurred after a 12-week lead-in period; during the initial 4 weeks of the lead-in period, patients were titrated to maximally tolerated doses of metformin and pioglitazone; this was followed by an 8-week glycemic stabilization period prior to randomization. Patients randomized to exenatide started at a dose of 5 mcg BID for 4 weeks and then were escalated to 10 mcg BID. Patients had a mean age of 56 years; mean duration of type 2 diabetes of 9 years; 58% were male; race: White, Black and Asian were 74%, 8% and 3%, respectively; and 81% of the study population were in the US.

Treatment with TRULICITY 0.75 mg and 1.5 mg once weekly resulted in a statistically significant reduction in HbA1c compared to placebo (at 26 weeks) and compared to exenatide at 26 weeks (Table 6 and Figure 4). Over the 52-week study period, the percentage of patients who required glycemic rescue was 8.9% in the TRULICITY 0.75 mg once weekly + metformin and pioglitazone treatment group, 3.2% in the TRULICITY 1.5 mg once weekly + metformin and pioglitazone treatment group, and 8.7% in the exenatide BID + metformin and pioglitazone treatment group.

Table 6: Results at Week 26 of TRULICITY Compared to Placebo and Exenatide, All as Add-On to Metformin and Thiazolidinedione^a

	26-Week Primary Time Point
	Placebo	TRULICITY 0.75 mg	TRULICITY 1.5 mg	Exenatide 10 mcg BID
Intent-to-Treat (ITT) Population (N)^‡	141	280	279	276
HbA1c (%) (Mean)
Baseline	8.1	8.1	8.1	8.1
Change from baseline^b	-0.5	-1.3	-1.5	-1.0
Difference from placebo^b (95% CI)	-	-0.8 (-1.0, -0.7)^††	-1.1 (-1.2, -0.9)^††	-
Difference from exenatide^b (95% CI)	-	-0.3 (-0.4, -0.2)^††	-0.5 (-0.7, -0.4)^††	-
Percentage of patients HbA1c <7.0%	43	66**, ^##	78**, ^##	52
Fasting Serum Glucose (mg/dL) (Mean)
Baseline	166	159	162	164
Change from baseline^b	-5	-34	-42	-24
Difference from placebo^b (95% CI)	-	-30 (-36, -23)	-38 (-45, -31)	-
Difference from exenatide^b (95% CI)	-	-10 (-15, -5)	-18 (-24, -13)	-
Body Weight (kg) (Mean)
Baseline	94.1	95.5	96.2	97.4
Change from baseline^b	1.2	0.2	-1.3	-1.1
Difference from placebo^b (95% CI)	-	-1.0 (-1.8, -0.3)	-2.5 (-3.3, -1.8)	-
Difference from exenatide^b (95% CI)	-	1.3 (0.6, 1.9)	-0.2 (-0.9, 0.4)	-
Abbreviations: BID = twice daily; HbA1c = hemoglobin A1c. ^a Intent-to-treat population. Last observation carried forward (LOCF) was used to impute missing data. Data post-onset of rescue therapy are treated as missing. At Week 26, primary efficacy was missing for 23%, 10%, 7% and 12% of individuals randomized to placebo, TRULICITY 0.75 mg, TRULICITY 1.5 mg, and exenatide, respectively. ^b Least-squares (LS) mean adjusted for baseline value and other stratification factors. ^‡ Subjects included in the analysis are a subset of the ITT population that had at least one post-baseline assessment. The primary analysis included 119, 269, 271 and 266 individuals randomized to placebo, TRULICITY 0.75 mg, TRULICITY 1.5 mg, and exenatide, respectively. ^‡‡ Multiplicity adjusted 1-sided p-value <0.001, for superiority of TRULICITY compared to placebo, assessed only for HbA1c. ^†† Multiplicity adjusted 1-sided p-value <0.001, for superiority of TRULICITY compared to exenatide, assessed only for HbA1c. ** p<0.001 TRULICITY compared to placebo, assessed only for HbA1c <7.0%. ^## p<0.001 TRULICITY compared to exenatide, assessed only for HbA1c <7.0%.

Figure 4: Adjusted Mean HbA1c Change at Each Time Point (ITT, MMRM) and at Week 26 (ITT, LOCF)

Adjusted Mean HbA1c Change at Each Time Point (ITT, MMRM) and at Week 26 (ITT, LOCF) - Illustration

Number of subjects with observed data
Placebo	141	108
TRULICITY 0.75 mg	280	251
TRULICITY 1.5 mg	279	259
Sitagliptin	276	242
Mean change from baseline adjusted for baseline HbA1c and country.

Combination Therapy With SGLT2i, With Or Without Metformin

In this 24-week placebo-controlled, double-blind study, 423 patients were randomized to and received TRULICITY 0.75 mg, TRULICITY 1.5 mg, or placebo, as add-on to sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) therapy (96% with and 4% without metformin). Trulicity was administered once weekly, and SGLT2i was administered according to the local country label. Patients had a mean age of 57 years; mean duration of type 2 diabetes of 9.4 years; 50% were male; race: White, Black, and Asian were 89%, 3%, and 0.2%, respectively; and 21% of the study population was in the US.

At 24 weeks, treatment with once weekly TRULICITY 0.75 mg and 1.5 mg resulted in a statistically significant reduction from baseline in HbA1c compared to placebo (Table 7).

The mean baseline body weight was 90.5, 91.1, and 92.9 kg in the placebo, TRULICITY 0.75 mg, and TRULICITY 1.5 mg groups, respectively. The mean changes from baseline in body weight at Week 24 were -2.0, -2.5, and -2.9 kg for placebo, TRULICITY 0.75 mg, and TRULICITY 1.5 mg, respectively. The difference from placebo (95% CI) was -0.9 kg (-1.7, -0.1) for TRULICITY 1.5 mg.

Table 7: Results at Week 24 of TRULICITY as Add-on to SGLT2i^a

	24-Week Primary Time Point
	Placebo	TRULICITY 0.75 mg	TRULICITY 1.5 mg
Intent-to-Treat (ITT) Population (N)	140	141	142
HbA1c (%) (Mean)
Baseline	8.1	8.1	8.0
Change from baseline^b	-0.6	-1.2	-1.3
Difference from placebo^b (95% CI)	-	-0.7 (-0.8, -0.5)^††	-0.8 (-0.9, -0.6)^††
Percentage of patients HbA1c <7.0%^c	31	59^††	67^††
Fasting Serum Glucose (mg/dL) (Mean)
Baseline	153	162	161
Change from baseline^b	-6	-25	-30
Difference from placebo^b (95% CI)	-	-19 (-25, -13)	-24 (-30, -18)^††
Abbreviations: HbA1c = hemoglobin A1c; SGLT2i = sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors. ^a Intent-to-treat population. At Week 24, primary efficacy was missing for 3%, 4%, and 6% of individuals treated with placebo, TRULICITY 0.75 mg, and TRULICITY 1.5 mg, respectively. ^b Least-squares mean adjusted for baseline value and other stratification factors. Placebo multiple imputation, using baseline and 24-week values from the placebo arm, was applied to model a washout of the treatment effect for patients missing 24-week values (HbA1c, fasting serum glucose, and body weight). ^c Patients with missing HbA1c data at Week 24 were considered as non-responders. ^†† p<0.001 for superiority of TRULICITY compared to placebo, overall type I error controlled.

Add-On To Metformin And Sulfonylurea

In this 78-week (52-week primary endpoint) open-label comparator study (double-blind with respect to TRULICITY dose assignment), 807 patients were randomized to and received TRULICITY 0.75 mg once weekly, TRULICITY 1.5 mg once weekly, or insulin glargine once daily, all as add-on to maximally tolerated doses of metformin and glimepiride. Randomization occurred after a 10-week lead-in period; during the initial 2 weeks of the lead-in period, patients were titrated to maximally tolerated doses of metformin and glimepiride. This was followed by a 6-to 8-week glycemic stabilization period prior to randomization.

Patients randomized to insulin glargine were started on a dose of 10 units once daily. Insulin glargine dose adjustments occurred twice weekly for the first 4 weeks of treatment based on self-measured fasting plasma glucose (FPG), followed by once weekly titration through Week 8 of study treatment, utilizing an algorithm that targeted a fasting plasma glucose of <100 mg/dL. Only 24% of patients were titrated to goal at the 52-week primary endpoint. The dose of glimepiride could be reduced or discontinued after randomization (at the discretion of the investigator) in the event of persistent hypoglycemia. The dose of glimepiride was reduced or discontinued in 28%, 32%, and 29% of patients randomized to TRULICITY 0.75 mg, TRULICITY 1.5 mg, and glargine.

Patients had a mean age of 57 years; mean duration of type 2 diabetes of 9 years; 51% were male; race: White, Black and Asian were 71%, 1% and 17%, respectively; and 0% of the study population were in the US.

Treatment with TRULICITY once weekly resulted in a reduction in HbA1c from baseline at 52 weeks when used in combination with metformin and sulfonylurea (Table 8). The difference in observed effect size between TRULICITY 0.75 mg and 1.5 mg, respectively, and glargine in this trial excluded the pre-specified non-inferiority margin of 0.4%.

Table 8: Results at Week 52 of TRULICITY Compared to Insulin Glargine, Both as Add-on to Metformin and Sulfonylurea^a

	52-Week Primary Time Point
	TRULICITY 0.75 mg	TRULICITY 1.5 mg	Insulin Glargine
Intent-to-Treat (ITT) Population (N)^‡	272	273	262
HbA1c (%) (Mean)
Baseline	8.1	8.2	8.1
Change from baseline^b	-0.8	-1.1	-0.6
Fasting Serum Glucose (mg/dL) (Mean)
Baseline	161	165	163
Change from baseline^b	-16	-27	-32
Difference from insulin glargine^b (95% CI)	16 (9, 23)	5 (-2, 12)	-
Body Weight (kg) (Mean)
Baseline	86.4	85.2	87.6
Change from baseline^b	-1.3	-1.9	1.4
Difference from insulin^b (95% CI)	-2.8 (-3.4, -2.2)	-3.3 (-3.9, -2.7)	-
Abbreviations: HbA1c = hemoglobin A1c. ^a Intent-to-treat population. Last observation carried forward (LOCF) was used to impute missing data. Data post-onset of rescue therapy are treated as missing. At Week 52, primary efficacy was missing for 17%, 13% and 12% of individuals randomized to TRULICITY 0.75 mg, TRULICITY 1.5 mg and glargine, respectively. ^b Least-squares (LS) mean adjusted for baseline value and other stratification factors. ^‡ Subjects included in the analysis are a subset of the ITT population that had at least one post-baseline assessment. The primary analysis included 267, 263 and 259 individuals randomized to TRULICITY 0.75 mg, TRULICITY 1.5 mg, and glargine, respectively.

Combination Therapy With Basal Insulin, With Or Without Metformin

In this 28-week placebo-controlled, double-blind study, 300 patients were randomized to placebo or once weekly TRULICITY 1.5 mg, as add-on to titrated basal insulin glargine (with or without metformin). Patients had a mean age of 60 years; mean duration of type 2 diabetes of 13 years; 58% were male; race: White, Black, and Asian were 94%, 4%, and 0.3%, respectively; and 20% of the study population was in the US.

The mean starting dose of insulin glargine was 37 units/day for patients receiving placebo and 41 units/day for patients receiving TRULICITY 1.5 mg. At randomization, the initial insulin glargine dose in patients with HbA1c <8.0% was reduced by 20%.

At 28 weeks, treatment with once weekly TRULICITY 1.5 mg resulted in a statistically significant reduction in HbA1c compared to placebo (Table 9).

Table 9: Results at Week 28 of TRULICITY Compared to Placebo as Add-On to Basal Insulin^a

	28-Week Primary Time Point
	Placebo	TRULICITY 1.5 mg
Intent-to-Treat (ITT) Population (N)	150	150
HbA1c (%) (Mean)
Baseline	8.3	8.4
Change from baseline^b	-0.7	-1.4
Difference from placebo^b (95% CI)		-0.7 (-0.9, -0.5)^††
Percentage of patients HbA1c <7.0%^c	33	67^††
Fasting Serum Glucose (mg/dL) (Mean)
Baseline	156	157
Change from baseline^b	-30	-44
Difference from placebo^b (95% CI)		-14 (-23, -4)^‡
Body Weight (kg) (Mean)
Baseline	92.6	93.3
Change from baseline^b	0.8	-1.3
Difference from placebo^b (95% CI)		-2.1 (-2.9, -1.4)^††
Abbreviations: HbA1c = hemoglobin A1c. ^a Intent-to-treat population. At Week 28, primary efficacy was missing for 12% and 8% of individuals randomized to placebo and TRULICITY 1.5 mg, respectively. ^b Least-squares mean from ANCOVA adjusted for baseline value and other stratification factors. Placebo multiple imputation, with respect to baseline values, was used to model a wash-out of the treatment effect for subjects having missing Week 28 data. ^c Patients with missing HbA1c data at Week 28 were considered as non-responders. ^†† p<0.001 for superiority of TRULICITY 1.5 mg compared to placebo, overall type I error controlled. ^‡ p≤0.005 for superiority of TRULICITY 1.5 mg compared to placebo, overall type I error controlled.

Combination Therapy With Prandial Insulin, With Or Without Metformin

In this 52-week (26-week primary endpoint) open-label comparator study (double-blind with respect to TRULICITY dose assignment), 884 patients on 1 or 2 insulin injections per day were enrolled. Randomization occurred after a 9-week lead-in period; during the initial 2 weeks of the lead-in period, patients continued their pre-study insulin regimen but could be initiated and/or up-titrated on metformin, based on investigator discretion; this was followed by a 7-week glycemic stabilization period prior to randomization.

At randomization, patients discontinued their pre-study insulin regimen and were randomized to TRULICITY 0.75 mg once weekly, TRULICITY 1.5 mg once weekly, or insulin glargine once daily, all in combination with prandial insulin lispro 3 times daily, with or without metformin. Insulin lispro was titrated in each arm based on preprandial and bedtime glucose, and insulin glargine was titrated to a fasting plasma glucose goal of <100 mg/dL. Only 36% of patients randomized to glargine were titrated to the fasting glucose goal at the 26-week primary timepoint.

Patients had a mean age of 59 years; mean duration of type 2 diabetes of 13 years; 54% were male; race: White, Black and Asian were 79%, 10% and 4%, respectively; and 33% of the study population were in the US.

Treatment with TRULICITY 0.75 mg and 1.5 mg once weekly resulted in a reduction in HbA1c from baseline. The difference in observed effect size between TRULICITY 0.75 mg and 1.5 mg, respectively, and glargine in this trial excluded the pre-specified non-inferiority margin of 0.4%.

Table 10: Results at Week 26 of TRULICITY Compared to Insulin Glargine, Both in Combination with Insulin Lispro^a

	26-Week Primary Time Point
	TRULICITY 0.75 mg	TRULICITY 1.5 mg	Insulin Glargine
Intent-to-Treat (ITT) Population (N)^‡	293	295	296
HbA1c (%) (Mean)
Baseline	8.4	8.5	8.5
Change from baseline^b	-1.6	-1.6	-1.4
Fasting Serum Glucose (mg/dL) (Mean)
Baseline	150	157	154
Change from baseline^b	4	-5	-28
Difference from insulin glargine^b (95% CI)	32 (24, 41)	24 (15, 32)	-
Body Weight (kg) (Mean)
Baseline	91.7	91.0	90.8
Change from baseline^b	0.2	-0.9	2.3
Difference from insulin glargine^b (95% CI)	-2.2 (-2.8, -1.5)	-3.2 (-3.8, -2.6)	-
Abbreviation: HbA1c = hemoglobin A1c ^a Intent-to-treat population. Last observation carried forward (LOCF) was used to impute missing data. Data post-onset of rescue therapy are treated as missing. At Week 26, primary efficacy was missing for 14%, 15%, and 14% of individuals randomized to TRULICITY 0.75 mg, TRULICITY 1.5 mg and glargine, respectively. ^b Least-squares (LS) mean adjusted for baseline value and other stratification factors. ^‡ Subjects included in the analysis are a subset of the ITT population that had at least one post-baseline assessment. The primary analysis included 275, 273 and 276 individuals randomized to TRULICITY 0.75 mg, TRULICITY 1.5 mg, and glargine, respectively.

Moderate To Severe Chronic Kidney Disease

In this 52-week (26-week primary endpoint) open-label comparator study (double-blind with respect to TRULICITY dose assignment), a total of 576 patients with type 2 diabetes were randomized and treated to compare TRULICITY 0.75 mg and 1.5 mg with insulin glargine (NCT01621178).

Patients on insulin and other antidiabetic therapy (e.g., oral antidiabetic drugs, pramlintide) had non-insulin therapies discontinued and had their insulin dose adjusted for 12 weeks prior to randomization. Patients on insulin therapy alone maintained a stable insulin dose for 3 weeks prior to randomization. At randomization, patients discontinued their prestudy insulin regimen and patients were randomized to TRULICITY 0.75 mg once weekly, TRULICITY 1.5 mg once weekly, or insulin glargine once daily, all in combination with prandial insulin lispro. For patients randomized to insulin glargine, the initial insulin glargine dose was based on the basal insulin dose prior to randomization. Insulin glargine was allowed to be titrated with a fasting plasma glucose goal of ≤150 mg/dL. Insulin lispro was allowed to be titrated with a preprandial and bedtime glucose goal of ≤180 mg/dL.

Patients had a mean age of 65 years; a mean duration of type 2 diabetes of 18 years; 52% were male; race: White, Black, and Asian were 69%, 16%, and 3%, respectively; and 32% of the study population were in the US. At baseline, overall mean eGFR was 38 mL/min/1.73 m², 30% of patients had eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m², and 45% of patients had macroalbuminuria. Patients on over 70 units/day of basal insulin were excluded from the study.

Treatment with TRULICITY 0.75 mg and 1.5 mg once weekly resulted in a reduction in HbA1c at 26-weeks from baseline. The difference in observed effect size between TRULICITY 0.75 mg and 1.5 mg, respectively, and glargine in this trial excluded the pre-specified non-inferiority margin of 0.4%. Mean fasting plasma glucose increased in the TRULICITY arms (Table 11).

Mean baseline body weight was 90.9 kg, 88.1 kg, and 88.2 kg in the TRULICITY 0.75 mg, TRULICITY 1.5 mg, and insulin glargine arms, respectively. The mean changes from baseline at Week 26 were -1.1, -2, and 1.9 kg in the TRULICITY 0.75 mg, TRULICITY 1.5 mg, and insulin glargine arms, respectively.

Table 11: Results at Week 26 of TRULICITY Compared to Insulin Glargine, Both in Combination with Insulin Lispro, in Patients with Moderate to Severe Chronic Kidney Disease^a

	26-Week Primary Time Point
	TRULICITY 0.75 mg	TRULICITY 1.5 mg	Insulin Glargine
Intent-to-Treat Population (N)	190	192	194
HbA1c (%) (Mean)
Baseline	8.6	8.6	8.6
Change from baseline^b	-0.9	-1.0	-1.0
Difference from insulin glargine^b (95% CI)	0.0 (-0.2, 0.3)	-0.1 (-0.3, 0.2)
Percentage of patients HbA1c <8.0%	73	75	74
Fasting Serum Glucose (mg/dL) (Mean)
Baseline	167	161	170
Change from baseline^b	6	14	-23
Difference from insulin glargine^b (95% CI)	30 (16, 43)	37 (24, 50)
Abbreviation: HbA1c = hemoglobin A1c ^a Intent-to-treat population (all randomized and treated subjects) was used in the analysis regardless of discontinuation of study drug or initiation of rescue therapy. At Week 26, primary efficacy was missing for 12%, 15%, and 9% of individuals randomized to and treated with TRULICITY 0.75 mg, TRULICITY 1.5 mg, and insulin glargine, respectively. Missing data were imputed using multiple imputation within treatment group. ^b Least-squares (LS) mean from ANCOVA pattern mixture model adjusted for baseline value and other stratification factors.

Medication Guide

PATIENT INFORMATION

TRULICITY^®
(TRU-li-si-tee)
(dulaglutide) injection, for subcutaneous use

Read this Medication Guide before you start using TRULICITY and each time you get a refill. There may be new information. This information does not take the place of talking to your healthcare provider about your medical condition or your treatment.

What is the most important information I should know about TRULICITY?

TRULICITY may cause serious side effects, including:

Possible thyroid tumors, including cancer. Tell your healthcare provider if you get a lump or swelling in your neck, hoarseness, trouble swallowing, or shortness of breath. These may be symptoms of thyroid cancer. In studies with rats or mice, TRULICITY and medicines that work like TRULICITY caused thyroid tumors, including thyroid cancer. It is not known if TRULICITY will cause thyroid tumors or a type of thyroid cancer called medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) in people.
Do not use TRULICITY if you or any of your family have ever had a type of thyroid cancer called medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), or if you have an endocrine system condition called Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia syndrome type 2 (MEN 2).

What is TRULICITY?

TRULICITY is an injectable prescription medicine that may improve blood sugar (glucose) in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and should be used along with diet and exercise.

TRULICITY is not recommended as the first choice of medicine for treating diabetes.
It is not known if TRULICITY can be used in people who have had pancreatitis.
TRULICITY is not a substitute for insulin and is not for use in people with type 1 diabetes or people with diabetic ketoacidosis.
TRULICITY is not recommended for use in people with severe stomach or intestinal problems.
It is not known if TRULICITY is safe and effective for use in children. TRULICITY should not be used in children under 18 years of age.

Do not use TRULICITY if:

You or any of your family have ever had a type of thyroid cancer called medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) or if you have an endocrine system condition called Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia syndrome type 2 (MEN 2).
You are allergic to dulaglutide or any of the ingredients in TRULICITY. See “What are the possible side effects of TRULICITY?” See the end of this Medication Guide for a complete list of ingredients in TRULICITY.

Before using TRULICITY, tell your healthcare provider if you have any medical conditions including:

Have or have had problems with your pancreas, kidneys or liver.
Have severe problems with your stomach, such as slowed emptying of your stomach (gastroparesis) or problems with digesting food.
Are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. It is not known if TRULICITY will harm your unborn baby. Tell your healthcare provider if you become pregnant while using TRULICITY.
Are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. It is not known if TRULICITY passes into your breast milk. You and your healthcare provider should decide if you should breastfeed while taking TRULICITY.

Tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines you take, including prescription and overthe-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements. TRULICITY may affect the way some medicines work and some medicines may affect the way TRULICITY works.

Before using TRULICITY, talk to your healthcare provider about low blood sugar and how to manage it. Tell your healthcare provider if you are taking other medicines to treat diabetes including insulin or sulfonylureas. Know the medicines you take. Keep a list of them to show your healthcare provider and pharmacist when you get a new medicine.

How should I use TRULICITY?

Read the Instructions for Use that comes with TRULICITY.
Use TRULICITY exactly as your healthcare provider tells you to.
Your healthcare provider should show you how to use TRULICITY before you use it for the first time.
TRULICITY is injected under the skin (subcutaneously) of your stomach (abdomen), thigh, or upper arm. Do not inject TRULICITY into a muscle (intramuscularly) or vein (intravenously).
Use TRULICITY 1 time each week on the same day each week at any time of the day.
You may change the day of the week as long as your last dose was given 3 or more days before.
If you miss a dose of TRULICITY, take the missed dose as soon as possible if there are at least 3 days (72 hours) until your next scheduled dose. If there are less than 3 days remaining, skip the missed dose and take your next dose on the regularly scheduled day. Do not take 2 doses of TRULICITY within 3 days of each other.
TRULICITY may be taken with or without food.
Do not mix insulin and TRULICITY together in the same injection.
You may give an injection of TRULICITY and insulin in the same body area (such as, your stomach area), but not right next to each other.
Change (rotate) your injection site with each weekly injection. Do not use the same site for each injection.
If you take too much TRULICITY, call your healthcare provider or go to the nearest emergency room right away.
Do not share your TRULICITY pen, syringe, or needles with another person. You may give another person an infection or get an infection from them.

Your dose of TRULICITY and other diabetes medicines may need to change because of:

Change in level of physical activity or exercise, weight gain or loss, increased stress, illness, change in diet, or because of other medicines you take.

What are the possible side effects of TRULICITY?

TRULICITY may cause serious side effects, including:

See “What is the most important information I should know about TRULICITY?”
Inflammation of your pancreas (pancreatitis). Stop using TRULICITY and call your healthcare provider right away if you have severe pain in your stomach area (abdomen) that will not go away, with or without vomiting. You may feel the pain from your abdomen to your back.
Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). Your risk for getting low blood sugar may be higher if you use TRULICITY with another medicine that can cause low blood sugar, such as a sulfonylurea or insulin.

Signs and symptoms of low blood sugar may include:

dizziness or light-headedness
sweating
confusion or drowsiness
headache
blurred vision
slurred speech
shakiness
fast heartbeat
anxiety, irritability, or mood changes
hunger
weakness
feeling jittery
Serious allergic reactions. Stop using TRULICITY and get medical help right away if you have any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction including:
- swelling of your face, lips, tongue or throat
- problems breathing or swallowing
- severe rash or itching
- fainting or feeling dizzy
- very rapid heartbeat
Kidney problems (kidney failure). In people who have kidney problems, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting may cause a loss of fluids (dehydration) which may cause kidney problems to get worse.
Severe stomach problems. Other medicines like TRULICITY may cause severe stomach problems. It is not known if TRULICITY causes or worsens stomach problems.

The most common side effects of TRULICITY may include:

nausea
diarrhea
vomiting
abdominal pain
decreased appetite

Talk to your healthcare provider about any side effect that bothers you or does not go away. These are not all the possible side effects of TRULICITY.

Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

General information about the safe and effective use of TRULICITY.

Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in a Medication Guide. Do not use TRULICITY for a condition for which it was not prescribed. Do not give TRULICITY to other people, even if they have the same symptoms you have. It may harm them.

This Medication Guide summarizes the most important information about TRULICITY. If you would like more information, talk with your healthcare provider. You can ask your pharmacist or healthcare provider for information about TRULICITY that is written for health professionals.

What are the ingredients in TRULICITY?

Active ingredient: dulaglutide

Inactive ingredients: citric acid anhydrous, mannitol, polysorbate 80, trisodium citrate dihydrate, in water for injection

TRULICITY^® is a registered trademark of Eli Lilly and Company.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE

TRULICITY^®
(TRU-li-si-tee)
(dulaglutide) injection, for subcutaneous use
0.75 mg/0.5 mL Single-Dose Pen
use 1 time each week (once weekly)

TRULICITY 0.75 mg/0.5 mL Single-Dose Pen - Illustration

←Unfold and lay flat→

Read both sides for full instructions

Information About TRULICITY Single-Dose Pen

Please read this Instructions for Use and the Medication Guide carefully and completely before using your TRULICITY Single-Dose Pen. Talk to your healthcare provider about how to inject TRULICITY the right way.

TRULICITY Single-Dose Pen (Pen) is a disposable, prefilled medicine delivery device. Each Pen contains 1 dose of TRULICITY (0.75 mg/0.5 mL). Each Pen should only be used 1 time.
TRULICITY is used 1 time each week. You may want to mark your calendar to remind you when to take your next dose.

Before You Get Started

Choose Your Injection Site

Your healthcare provider can help you choose the injection site that is best for you.
You may inject the medicine into your stomach (abdomen) or thigh.
Another person may give you the injection in your upper arm.
Change (rotate) your injection site each week. You may use the same area of your body, but be sure to choose a different injection site in that area.

TRULICITY Single-Dose Pen Parts - Illustration

Step 1. Uncap the Pen

Make sure the Pen is locked.

Pull the Base Cap straight off and throw it away in your household trash.

Do not put the Base Cap back on - this could damage the needle.

Do not touch the needle.

Pull the Base Cap straight off and throw it away in your household trash - Illustration

Step 2. Place and Unlock

Place the Clear Base flat and firmly against your skin at the injection site.

Unlock by turning the Lock Ring.

Press and hold the green Injection Button - Illustration

Step 3. Press and Hold

Press and hold the green Injection Button.
You will hear a loud click.

Continue holding the Clear Base firmly against your skin until you hear a second click. This happens when the needle starts retracting in about 5-10 seconds.

Remove the Pen from your skin.

Continue holding the Clear Base firmly against your skin until you hear a second click - Illustration

Important Information

Disposal of Pen

Storage and Handling

Commonly Asked Questions

Other Information

Where to Learn More

Disposing of Your Used Pens

Put your used Pens in a FDA-cleared sharps disposal container right away after use. Do not throw away (dispose of) Pens in your household trash.
If you do not have a FDA-cleared sharps disposal container, you may use a household container that is:
- made of a heavy-duty plastic,
- can be closed with a tight-fitting, puncture-resistant lid, without sharps being able to come out,
- upright and stable during use,
- leak-resistant, and
- properly labeled to warn of hazardous waste inside the container.
When your sharps disposal container is almost full, you will need to follow your community guidelines for the right way to dispose of your sharps disposal container. There may be state or local laws about how you should throw away used needles and syringes. For more information about safe sharps disposal, and for specific information about sharps disposal in the state that you live in, go to the FDA’s website at: http://www.fda.gov/safesharpsdisposal.
Do not recycle your used sharps disposal container.

Do not recycle your used sharps disposal container - Illustration

Storage and Handling

Store your Pen in the refrigerator between 36°F to 46°F (2°C to 8°C).
You may store your Pen at room temperature below 86°F (30°C) for up to a total of 14 days.
Do not freeze your Pen. If the Pen has been frozen, throw the Pen away and use a new Pen.
Storage of your Pen in the original carton is recommended. Protect your Pen from direct heat and light.
The Pen has glass parts. Handle it carefully. If you drop it on a hard surface, do not use it. Use a new Pen for your injection.
Keep your TRULICITY Pen and all medicines out of the reach of children.

Commonly Asked Questions

What if I see air bubbles in my Pen?

Air bubbles are normal.

What if I unlock the Pen and press the green Injection Button before pulling off the Base Cap?

Do not remove the Base Cap. Throw away the Pen and get a new Pen.

What if there is a drop of liquid on the tip of the needle when I remove the Base Cap?

A drop of liquid on the tip of the needle is normal.

Do I need to hold the Injection Button down until the injection is complete?

This is not necessary, but it may help you keep the Pen steady and firm against your skin.

I heard more than 2 clicks during my injection-2 louder clicks and 1 soft one. Did I get my complete injection?

Some patients may hear a soft click right before the second loud click. That is the normal operation of the Pen. Do not remove the Pen from your skin until you hear the second louder click.

What if there is a drop of liquid or blood on my skin after my injection?

This is normal.

I am not sure if my Pen worked the right way.

Check to see if you have received your dose. Your dose was delivered the right way if the gray plunger is visible (see step 3). Also contact Lilly at 1-800-Lilly-Rx (1-800-545-5979) for further instructions. Until then, store your Pen safely to avoid an accidental needle stick.

Other Information

If you have vision problems, do not use your Pen without help from a person trained to use the TRULICITY Pen.

Where to Learn More

If you have any questions or problems with your TRULICITY Single-Dose Pen, contact Lilly at 1-800-Lilly-Rx (1-800-545-5979) or call your healthcare provider.
For more information about TRULICITY Single-Dose Pen, visit our website at: www.trulicity.com.

Instructions for Use

TRULICITY^®
(TRU-li-si-tee)
(dulaglutide) injection, for subcutaneous use
1.5 mg/0.5 mL Single-Dose Pen
use 1 time each week (once weekly)

TRULICITY 1.5 mg/0.5 mL Single-Dose Pen - Illustration