Cognex

Cognex (tacrine hydrochloride) is a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor used to treat patients with Alzheimer's disease or mild to moderate dementia. Cognex is discontinued in the U.S., but generic versions may be available. Common side effects of Cognex include:

• nausea,
• stomach upset,
• vomiting,
• weight loss,
• diarrhea,
• shaking,
• agitation,
• skin rash,
• urinating more than usual,
• depression,
• increased sweating,
• fever or chills,
• runny nose,
• cough,
• dizziness,
• drowsiness,
• tiredness,
• joint or muscle pain,
• weakness, or
• lack of coordination

The recommended dosage is 19 to 20 mg four times daily, or as directed by your doctor. Cognex may interact with aspirin, atropine, cimetidine, dicyclomine, donepezil, fluvoxamine, galantamine, glycopyrrolate, hyoscyamine, mepenzolate, methscopolamine, NSAIDs, propantheline, rivastigmine, scopolamine, or theophylline. Tell your doctor all medications and supplements you take. It is not known if Cognex causes fetal harm when taken by a pregnant woman or whether it passes into breast milk. Consult your doctor before taking Cognex if you are pregnant or before breastfeeding.

Our Cognex (tacrine hydrochloride) Side Effects Center provides a comprehensive view of available drug information on the potential side effects when taking this medication.

SIDE EFFECTS: Consult your pharmacist.

In the US -

Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

In Canada - Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.

Read the entire patient information overview for Cognex (Tacrine)

 

Cognex Professional Information

SIDE EFFECTS

Common Adverse Events Leading to Discontinuation

In clinical trials, approximately 17% of the 2706 patients who received Cognex® (tacrine) and 5% of the 1886 patients who received placebo withdrew permanently because of adverse events. It should be noted that some of the placebo-treated patients were exposed to Cognex® (tacrine) prior to receiving placebo due to the variety of study designs used, including crossover studies. Transaminase elevations were the most common reason for withdrawals during Cognex® (tacrine) treatment (8% of all Cognex® (tacrine) -treated patients, or 212 of 456 patients withdrawn). The controlled clinical trial protocols required that any patient with an ALT/SGPT elevation > 3 X ULN be withdrawn, because of concern about potential hepatotoxicity. Apart from withdrawals due to transaminase elevations, 244 patients (9%) withdrew for adverse events while receiving Cognex® (tacrine) .

Other adverse events that most frequently led to the withdrawal of tacrine-treated patients in clinical trials were nausea and/or vomiting (1.5%), agitation (0.9%), rash (0.7%), anorexia (0.7%), and confusion (0.5%). These adverse events also most frequently led to the withdrawal of placebo-treated patients, although at lower frequencies (0.1% to 0.2%).

Most Frequent Adverse Clinical Events Seen in Association With the Use of Tacrine

The events identified here are those that occurred at an absolute incidence of at least 5% of patients treated with Cognex® (tacrine) , and at a rate at least 2-fold higher in patients reated with Cognex (tacrine) ®than placebo.

The most common adverse events associated with the use of Cognex® (tacrine) were elevated transaminases, nausea and/or vomiting, diarrhea, dyspepsia, myalgia, anorexia, and ataxia. Of these events, nausea and/or vomiting, diarrhea, dyspepsia, and anorexia appeared to be dose-dependent.

Adverse Events Reported in Controlled Trials

The events cited in the tables below reflect experience gained under closely monitored conditions of clinical trials with a highly selected patient population. In actual clinical practice or in other clinical trials, these frequency estimates may not apply, as the conditions of use, reporting behavior, and the kinds of patients treated may differ.

Table 3 lists treatment-emergent signs and symptoms that occurred in at least 2% of patients with Alzheimer's disease in placebo-controlled trials and who received the recommended regimen for dose introduction and titration of Cognex® (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).

Table 3. Adverse Events Occurring in at Least 2% of Patients Receiving Cognex® (tacrine) at a Starting Dose of 40 mg/day with Titration in 40 mg/day Increments Every 6 Weeks in Controlled Clinical Trials [Number (%) of Patients]

BODY SYSTEM/ Adverse Events	Cognex® N = 634	Placebo N = 342
LABORATORY DEVIATIONS
Elevated Transaminasea	184 (29)	5 (2)
BODY AS A WHOLE
Headache	67 (11)	52 (15)
Fatigue	26 (4)	9 (3)
Chest Pain	24 (4)	18 (5)
Weight Decrease	21 (3)	4 (1)
Back Pain	15 (2)	14 (4)
Asthenia	15 (2)	7 (2)
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Nausea and/or Vomiting	178 (28)	29 (9)
Diarrhea	99 (16)	18 (5)
Dyspepsia	57 (9)	22 (6)
Anorexia	54 (9)	11 (3)
Abdominal Pain	48 (8)	24 (7)
Flatulence	22 (4)	5 (2)
Constipation	24 (4)	8 (2)
HEMIC AND LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
Purpura	15 (2)	8 (2)
MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
Myalgia	54 (9)	18 (5)
NERVOUS SYSTEM
Dizziness	73 (12)	39 (11)
Confusion	42 (7)	24 (7)
Ataxia	36 (6)	12 (4)
Insomnia	37 (6)	18 (5)
Somnolence	22 (4)	11 (3)
Tremor	14 (2)	2 (<1)
PSYCHOBIOLOGIC FUNCTION
Agitation	43 (7)	30 (9)
Depression	22 (4)	14 (4)
Thinking Abnormal	17 (3)	14 (4)
Anxiety	16 (3)	7 (2)
Hallucination	15 (2)	12 (4)
Hostility	15 (2)	5 (2)
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Rhinitis	51 (8)	22 (6)
Upper Respiratory Infection	18 (3)	11 (3)
Coughing	17 (3)	18 (5)
SKIN AND APPENDAGES
Rashb	46 (7)	18 (5)
Facial Flushing, Skin Flushing	16 (3)	3 (<1)
UROGENITAL SYSTEM
Urination Frequency	21 (3)	12 (4)
Urinary Tract Infection	21 (3)	20 (6)
Urinary Incontinence	16 (3)	9 (3)
aALT or AST value of approximately 3 X ULN or greater orthat resulted in a change in patient management. Patients were monitored weekly. bIncludes COSTART terms: rash, rash-erythematous,rash-maculopapular, urticaria, petechialrash, rash-vesiculobullous, and pruritus.

Other Adverse Events Observed During All Clinical Trials

Cognex® (tacrine) has been administered to 2706 individuals during clinical trials.A total of 1471 patients were treated for at least 3 months, 1137 for at least 6 months, and 773 for at least 1 year. Any untoward reactions that occurred during these trials were recorded as adverse events by the clinical investigators using terminology of their own choosing. To provide a meaningful estimate of the proportion of individuals having similar types of events, the events were grouped into a smaller number of standardized categories using a modified COSTART dictionary. These categories are used in the listing below. The frequencies represent the proportion of the 2706 individuals exposed to Cognex® (tacrine) who experienced that event while receiving Cognex (tacrine) ®. All adverse events are included except those already listed on the previous table and those COSTART terms too general to be informative. Events are further classified by body system categories and listed using the following definitions: frequent adverse events are defined as those occurring in at least 1/100 patients; infrequent adverse events are those occurring in 1/100 to 1/1000 patients; and rare adverse events are those occurring in less than 1/1000 patients. These adverse events are not necessarily related to Cognex® (tacrine) treatment. Only rare adverse events deemed to be potentially important are included.

Body As a Whole: Frequent: Chill, fever, malaise, peripheral edema. Infrequent: Face edema, dehydration, weight increase, cachexia, edema (generalized), lipoma. Rare: Heat exhaustion, sepsis, cholingeric crisis, death.

Cardiovascular System: Frequent: Hypotension, hypertension. Infrequent: Heart failure, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, cerebrovascular accident, transient schemic attack, phlebitis, venous insufficiency, abdominal aortic aneurysm, atrial fibrillation or flutter, palpitation, tachycardia, bradycardia, pulmonary embolus, migraine, hypercholesterolemia. Rare: Heart arrest, premature atrial contractions, A-V block, bundle branch block.

Digestive System: Infrequent: Glossitis, gingivitis, mouth or throat dry, stomatitis, increased salivation, dysphagia, esophagitis, gastritis, gastroenteritis, GI hemorrhage, stomach ulcer, hiatal hernia, hemorrhoids, stools bloody, diverticulitis, fecal impaction, fecal incontinence, hemorrhage (rectum), cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, increased appetite. Rare: Duodenal ulcer, bowel obstruction.

Endocrine System: Infrequent: Diabetes. Rare: Hyperthyroid, hypothyroid.

Hemic and Lymphatic: Infrequent: Anemia, lymphadenopathy. Rare: Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, hemolysis, pancytopenia.

Musculoskeletal: Frequent: Fracture, arthralgia, arthritis, hypertonia. Infrequent: Osteoporosis, tendinitis, bursitis, gout. Rare: Myopathy.

Nervous System: Frequent: Convulsions, vertigo, syncope, hyperkinesia, paresthesia. Infrequent: Dreaming abnormal, dysarthria, aphasia, amnesia, wandering, twitching, hypesthesia, delirium, paralysis, bradykinesia, movement disorder, cogwheel rigidity, paresis, neuritis, hemiplegia, Parkinson's disease, neuropathy, extrapyramidal syndrome, reflexes decreased/absent. Rare: Tardive dyskinesia, dysesthesia, dystonia, encephalitis, coma, apraxia, oculogyric crisis, akathisia, oral facial dyskinesia, Bell's palsy, exacerbation of Parkinson 's disease.

Psychobiologic Function: Frequent: Nervousness. Infrequent: Apathy, increased libido, paranoia, neurosis. Rare: Suicidal, psychosis, hysteria.

Respiratory System: Frequent: Pharyngitis, sinusitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, dyspnea. Infrequent: Epistaxis, chest congestion, asthma, hyperventilation, lower respiratory infection. Rare: Hemoptysis, lung edema, lung cancer, acute epiglottitis.

Skin and Appendages: Frequent: Sweating increased. Infrequent: Acne, alopecia, dermatitis, eczema, skin dry, herpes zoster, psoriasis, cellulitis, cyst, furunculosis, herpes simplex, hyperkeratosis, basal cell carcinoma, skin cancer. Rare: Desquamation, seborrhea, squamous cell carcinoma, ulcer (skin), skin necrosis, melanoma.

Urogenital System: Infrequent: Hematuria, renal stone, kidney infection, glycosuria, dysuria, polyuria, nocturia, pyuria, cystitis, urinary retention, urination urgency, vaginal hemorrhage, pruritus (genital), breast pain, impotence, prostate cancer. Rare: Bladder tumor, renal tumor, renal failure, urinary obstruction, breast cancer, epididymitis, carcinoma (ovary).

Special Senses: Frequent: Conjunctivitis. Infrequent: Cataract, eyes dry, eye pain, visual field defect, diplopia, amblyopia, glaucoma, hordeolum, deafness, earache, tinnitus, inner ear infection, otitis media, unusual taste. Rare: Vision loss, ptosis, blepharitis, labyrinthitis, inner ear disturbance.

Postintroduction Reports

Voluntary reports of adverse events temporally associated with Cognex® (tacrine) that have been received since market introduction, that are not listed above, and that may have no causal relationship with the drug include the following: pancreatitis, perforated peptic ulcer, and falling.

Read the entire FDA prescribing information for Cognex (Tacrine)