Besivance Generic Name: besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension Brand Name: Besivance side effects drug center besivance (besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension) drug Related Drugs Bepreve Fluorometholone Fluorometholone Forte Neosporin Ophthalmic Ointment Tobradex Tobradex Ointment Tobrex Health Resources Blepharitis Eye Care and Eye Disorder Pink Eye (Conjunctivitis): Types, Treatment, and Symptoms Sty Drug Comparison Vigamox vs. Besivance Besivance User Reviews PROFESSIONAL CONSUMER SIDE EFFECTS Contents Drug Description Indications & Dosage Side Effects & Drug Interactions Warnings & Precautions Overdosage & Contraindications Clinical Pharmacology Medication Guide Drug Description What is Besivance and how is it used? Besivance is a prescription medicine used to treat the symptoms of Bacterial Conjunctivitis. Besivance may be used alone or with other medications. Besivance belongs to a class of drugs called Quinolones, Ophthalmic. It is not known if Besivance is safe and effective in children younger than 1 year of age. What are the possible side effects of Besivance? Besivance may cause serious side effects including: hives, difficulty breathing, swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat, drainage or crusting of your eye, severe eye irritation after using the eye drops, feeling like there is something in your eye, severe eye redness or swelling, fever, and sings of a new infection Get medical help right away, if you have any of the symptoms listed above. The most common side effects of Besivance include: eye redness Tell the doctor if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away. These are not all the possible side effects of Besivance. For more information, ask your doctor or pharmacist. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. DESCRIPTION Besivance (besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension) 0.6%, is a sterile ophthalmic suspension of besifloxacin formulated with DuraSite®† (polycarbophil, edetate disodium dihydrate and sodium chloride). Each mL of Besivance contains 6.63 mg besifloxacin hydrochloride equivalent to 6 mg besifloxacin base. It is an 8-chloro fluoroquinolone anti-infective for topical ophthalmic use. C19H21ClFN3O3•HCl Mol Wt 430.30 Chemical Name: (+)-7-[(3R)-3-aminohexahydro-1H-azepin-1-yl]-8-chloro-1- cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4- oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid hydrochloride. Besifloxacin hydrochloride is a white to pale yellowish-white powder. Each mL contains Active: besifloxacin 0.6% (6 mg/mL); Inactives : polycarbophil, mannitol, poloxamer 407, sodium chloride, edetate disodium dihydrate, sodium hydroxide and water for injection. Preservative: benzalkonium chloride 0.01% Besivance is an isotonic suspension with an osmolality of approximately 290 mOsm/kg. Indications & Dosage INDICATIONS BESIVANCE® (besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension) 0.6%, is indicated for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis caused by susceptible isolates of the following bacteria: Aerococcus viridans* CDC coryneform group G Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum* Corynebacterium striatum* Haemophilus influenzae Moraxella catarrhalis* Moraxella lacunata* Pseudomonas aeruginosa* Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epidermidis Staphylococcus hominis* Staphylococcus lugdunensis* Staphylococcus warneri* Streptococcus mitis group Streptococcus oralis Streptococcus pneumoniae Streptococcus salivarius* *Efficacy for this organism was studied in fewer than 10 infections. DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Invert closed bottle and shake once before use. Instill one drop in the affected eye(s) 3 times a day, 4 to 12 hours apart for 7 days. HOW SUPPLIED Dosage Forms And Strengths Ophthalmic suspension containing 6 mg/mL (0.6%) of besifloxacin. Storage And Handling BESIVANCE® (besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension) 0.6%, is supplied as a sterile ophthalmic suspension in a white low density polyethylene (LDPE) bottle with a controlled dropper tip and tan polypropylene cap. Tamper evidence is provided with a shrink band around the cap and neck area of the package. NDC 24208-446-05 5 mL in 7.5 mL bottle Storage Store at 15°- 25°C (59°- 77°F). Protect from light. Distributed by: Bausch + Lomb, a division of Valeant Pharmaceuticals North America LLC, Bridgewater, NJ 08807 USA. Revised: Mar 2018 Side Effects & Drug Interactions SIDE EFFECTS Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in clinical practice. The data described below reflect exposure to BESIVANCE in approximately 1,000 patients between 1 and 98 years old with clinical signs and symptoms of bacterial conjunctivitis. The most frequently reported ocular adverse reaction was conjunctival redness, reported in approximately 2% of patients. Other adverse reactions reported in patients receiving BESIVANCE occurring in approximately 1-2% of patients included: blurred vision, eye pain, eye irritation, eye pruritus and headache. DRUG INTERACTIONS No Information Provided Warnings & Precautions WARNINGS Included as part of the "PRECAUTIONS" Section PRECAUTIONS Not For Injection Into The Eye Growth Of Resistant Organisms With Prolonged Use As with other anti-infectives, prolonged use of BESIVANCE (besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension) 0.6% may result in overgrowth of non-susceptible organisms, including fungi. If super-infection occurs, discontinue use and institute alternative therapy. Whenever clinical judgment dictates, the patient should be examined with the aid of magnification, such as slitlamp biomicroscopy, and, where appropriate, fluorescein staining. Avoidance Of Contact Lenses Patients should not wear contact lenses if they have signs or symptoms of bacterial conjunctivitis or during the course of therapy with BESIVANCE. Nonclinical Toxicology Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment Of Fertility Long-term studies in animals to determine the carcinogenic potential of besifloxacin have not been performed. No in vitro mutagenic activity of besifloxacin was observed in an Ames test (up to 3.33 mcg/plate) on bacterial tester strains Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and Escherichia coli WP2uvrA. However, it was mutagenic in S. typhimurium strain TA102 and E. coli strain WP2 (pKM101). Positive responses in these strains have been observed with other quinolones and are likely related to topoisomerase inhibition. Besifloxacin induced chromosomal aberrations in CHO cells in vitro and it was positive in an in vivo mouse micronucleus assay at oral doses ≥ 1,500 mg/kg. Besifloxacin did not induce unscheduled DNA synthesis in hepatocytes cultured from rats given the test compound up to 2,000 mg/kg by the oral route. In a fertility and early embryonic development study in rats, besifloxacin did not impair the fertility of male or female rats at oral doses of up to 500 mg/kg/day. This dose is approximately 26,500 times higher than the mean plasma concentration measured in humans at the recommended human ophthalmic dose. Use In Specific Populations Pregnancy Risk Summary There are no available human data for the use of BESIVANCE during pregnancy to inform any drug-associated risks; however, systemic exposure to besifloxacin from ocular administration is low [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY]. Oral administration of besifloxacin to pregnant rats during organogenesis or during the pre/postnatal period did not produce adverse embryofetal or offspring effects at clinically relevant systemic exposures [see Data]. Data Animal Data In an embryofetal development study in rats, the administration of besifloxacin at oral doses up to 1,000 mg/kg/day during organogenesis was not associated with visceral or skeletal malformations in rat fetuses, although this dose was associated with maternal toxicity (reduced body weight gain and food consumption) and maternal mortality. Increased post-implantation loss, decreased fetal body weights, and decreased fetal ossification were also observed. At this dose, the mean Cmax in the rat dams was approximately 20 mcg/mL, approximately 46,500 times the mean plasma concentrations measured in humans at the recommended human ophthalmic dose (RHOD). The No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) for this embryofetal development study was 100 mg/kg/day (Cmax, 5 mcg/mL, approximately 11,600 times the mean plasma concentrations measured in humans at the RHOD). In a prenatal and postnatal development study in rats, the NOAELs for both fetal/neonate and maternal toxicity were 100 mg/kg/day. At 1,000 mg/kg/day, pups weighed significantly less than controls and had a reduced neonatal survival rate. Attainment of developmental landmarks and sexual maturation was delayed, although surviving pups from this dose group that were reared to maturity did not demonstrate deficits in behavior, including activity, learning and memory, and their reproductive capacity appeared normal. Lactation Risk Summary There are no data on the presence of BESIVANCE in human milk, the effects on the breastfed infant, or the effects on milk production. However, systemic exposure to besifloxacin following topical ocular administration is low [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY], and it is not known whether measurable levels of besifloxacin would be present in maternal milk following topical ocular administration. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered, along with the mother’s clinical need for BESIVANCE, and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant from BESIVANCE. Pediatric Use The safety and effectiveness of BESIVANCE in infants below one year of age have not been established. The efficacy of BESIVANCE in treating bacterial conjunctivitis in pediatric patients one year or older has been demonstrated in controlled clinical trials [see Clinical Studies]. There is no evidence that the ophthalmic administration of quinolones has any effect on weight bearing joints, even though systemic administration of some quinolones has been shown to cause arthropathy in immature animals. Geriatric Use No overall differences in safety and effectiveness have been observed between elderly and younger patients. Overdosage & Contraindications OVERDOSE No information provided. CONTRAINDICATIONS None Clinical Pharmacology CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY Mechanism Of Action Besifloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibacterial [see Microbiology]. Pharmacokinetics Plasma concentrations of besifloxacin were measured in adult patients with suspected bacterial conjunctivitis who received BESIVANCE bilaterally three times a day (16 doses total). Following the first and last dose, the maximum plasma besifloxacin concentration in each patient was less than 1.3 ng/mL. The mean besifloxacin Cmax was 0.37 ng/mL on day 1 and 0.43 ng/mL on day 6. The average elimination half-life of besifloxacin in plasma following multiple dosing was estimated to be 7 hours. Microbiology Besifloxacin is an 8-chloro fluoroquinolone with an N-1 cyclopropyl group. The compound has activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria due to the inhibition of both bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. DNA gyrase is an essential enzyme required for replication, transcription and repair of bacterial DNA. Topoisomerase IV is an essential enzyme required for partitioning of the chromosomal DNA during bacterial cell division. Besifloxacin is bactericidal with minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) generally within one dilution of the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). The mechanism of action of fluoroquinolones, including besifloxacin, is different from that of aminoglycoside, macrolide, and β-lactam antibiotics. Therefore, besifloxacin may be active against pathogens that are resistant to these antibiotics and these antibiotics may be active against pathogens that are resistant to besifloxacin. In vitro studies demonstrated cross-resistance between besifloxacin and some fluoroquinolones. In vitro resistance to besifloxacin develops via multiple-step mutations and occurs at a general frequency of < 3.3 x 10-10 for Staphylococcus aureus and < 7 x 10-10 for Streptococcus pneumoniae. Besifloxacin has been shown to be active against most isolates of the following bacteria both in vitro and in conjunctival infections treated in clinical trials [see INDICATIONS]: Aerococcus viridans* CDC coryneform group G Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum* Corynebacterium striatum* Haemophilus influenzae Moraxella catarrhalis* Moraxella lacunata* Pseudomonas aeruginosa* Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epidermidis Staphylococcus hominis* Staphylococcus lugdunensis* Staphylococcus warneri* Streptococcus mitis group Streptococcus oralis Streptococcus pneumoniae Streptococcus salivarius* *Efficacy for this organism was studied in fewer than 10 infections. Clinical Studies In a randomized, double-masked, vehicle-controlled, multicenter clinical trial, in which patients 1-98 years of age were dosed 3 times a day for 5 days, BESIVANCE was superior to its vehicle in patients with bacterial conjunctivitis. Clinical resolution was achieved in 45% (90/198) for the BESIVANCE-treated group versus 33% (63/191) for the vehicle-treated group (difference 12%, 95% CI 3% - 22%). Microbiological outcomes demonstrated a statistically significant eradication rate for causative pathogens of 91% (181/198) for the BESIVANCE-treated group versus 60% (114/191) for the vehicle-treated group (difference 31%, 95% CI 23% - 40%). Microbiologic eradication does not always correlate with clinical outcome in anti-infective trials. Medication Guide PATIENT INFORMATION Handling The Container Advise patients to avoid contaminating the applicator tip with material from the eye, fingers or other source. Use With Contact Lenses Advise patients not to wear contact lenses if they have signs or symptoms of bacterial conjunctivitis or during the course of therapy with BESIVANCE. Dosing Instructions Patients should be instructed to invert closed bottle (upside down) and shake once before each use.
