Aldurazyme
- Generic Name: laronidase
- Brand Name: Aldurazyme
Aldurazyme (Laronidase) side effects drug center
Aldurazyme Side Effects Center
What Is Aldurazyme?
Aldurazyme (laronidase) is an enzyme used to treat some of the symptoms of a genetic condition called Hurler syndrome (also called mucopolysaccharidosis). Aldurazyme may improve breathing and walking ability in people with this condition. Aldurazyme is not a cure for Hurler syndrome.
What Are Side Effects of Aldurazyme?
Common side effects of Aldurazyme include:
- cold symptoms (runny or stuffy nose, sore throat, sneezing)
- cough
- mild skin rash
- numbness or tingling
- overactive reflexes, or
- injection site reactions (pain, redness, swelling, or other irritation)
Dosage for Aldurazyme
The recommended dosage regimen of Aldurazyme is 0.58 mg/kg of body weight administered once weekly as an intravenous (IV) infusion.
What Drugs, Substances, or Supplements Interact with Aldurazyme?
Aldurazyme may interact with other drugs. Tell your doctor all medications and supplements you use.
Aldurazyme During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
Aldurazyme is not expected to be harmful to a fetus. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant during treatment. It is unknown if this drug passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. Consult your doctor before breastfeeding.
Additional Information
Our Aldurazyme (laronidase) Side Effects Drug Center provides a comprehensive view of available drug information on the potential side effects when taking this medication.
Aldurazyme Consumer Information
Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficult breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.
An allergic reaction may occur during or shortly after infusion of this medicine (up to 3 hours later). Tell your caregivers or get emergency medical help right away if you have any signs of a severe allergic reaction, such as:
- rapid breathing, or feeling short of breath;
- wheezing, chest tightness;
- feeling like you might pass out, even while lying down;
- fast or slow heartbeats;
- sweating, cold or clammy skin;
- pale skin; or
- blue lips or fingernails.
Common side effects may include:
- fever, chills;
- cold symptoms such as stuffy nose, sneezing, sore throat;
- increased blood pressure;
- warmth, redness, numbness, or tingly feeling;
- fast heartbeats;
- overactive reflexes; or
- pain, swelling, burning, or irritation around the IV needle.
This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
Read the entire detailed patient monograph for Aldurazyme (Laronidase)
Aldurazyme Professional Information
SIDE EFFECTS
Clinical Trials Experience
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in clinical practice.
The most serious adverse reactions reported with ALDURAZYME treatment during clinical trials were anaphylactic and allergic reactions. Most adverse reactions reported in clinical trials were considered diseaserelated and unrelated to study drug. The most common adverse reactions were infusion reactions. The frequency of infusion reactions decreased over time with continued use of ALDURAZYME, and the majority of reactions were classified as being mild to moderate in severity. Most infusion reactions requiring intervention were ameliorated with slowing of the infusion rate, temporarily stopping the infusion, with or without administering additional treatments including antihistamines, antipyretics, or both.
Clinical Trials in Patients 6 Years and Older
A 26-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study (Study 1) of ALDURAZYME was conducted in 45 patients with MPS I, ages 6 to 43 years old, gender evenly distributed (N=23 females and 22 males). Of these 45 patients, 1 was clinically assessed as having Hurler form, 37 Hurler-Scheie, and 7 Scheie. Patients were randomized to receive either 0.58 mg/kg IV of ALDURAZYME per week for 26 weeks or placebo. All patients were treated with antipyretics and antihistamines prior to the infusions. Infusion reactions were reported in 32% (7 of 22) of ALDURAZYME-treated patients. The most commonly reported infusion reactions regardless of treatment group were flushing, pyrexia, headache, and rash. Flushing occurred in 5 patients (23%) receiving ALDURAZYME; the other reactions were less frequent. Less common infusion reactions included angioedema (including face edema), hypotension, paresthesia, feeling hot, hyperhidrosis, tachycardia, vomiting, back pain, and cough. Other reported adverse reactions included bronchospasm, dyspnea, urticaria and pruritus.
Table 3 enumerates adverse reactions and selected laboratory abnormalities that occurred during the placebocontrolled study (Study 1) that were reported in at least 2 patients more in the ALDURAZYME group than in the placebo group.
Table 3: Summary of Adverse Reactions that Occurred in
2 Patients More in the ALDURAZYME® Group than in the Placebo Group in the
26-Week Placebo-controlled Study (Study 1)
| MedDRA System Organ Class (SOC) MedDRA Preferred Term | (N=22) ALDURAZYME n (%) |
(N=23) Placebo n (%) |
| Blood and lymphatic system disorders | ||
| Thrombocytopenia | 2 (9) | 0 |
| Eye disorders | ||
| Corneal opacity | 2 (9) | 0 |
| General disorders and administration site conditions | ||
| Chest pain | 2 (9) | 0 |
| Face edema | 2 (9) | 0 |
| Gravitational edema | 2 (9) | 0 |
| Injection site pain | 2 (9) | 0 |
| Injection site reaction | 4 (18) | 2 (9) |
| Hepatobiliary disorders | ||
| Hyperbilirubinemia | 2 (9) | 0 |
| Infections and infestations | ||
| Abscess | 2(9) | 0 |
| Upper respiratory tract infection | 7 (32) | 4 (17) |
| Nervous system disorders | ||
| Hyperreflexia | 3 (14) | 0 |
| Paresthesia | 3 (14) | 1 (4) |
| Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders | ||
| Rash | 8 (36) | 5 (22) |
| Vascular disorders | ||
| Hypotension | 2 (9) | 0 |
| Poor venous access | 3 (14) | 0 |
All 45 patients who completed the placebo-controlled study (Study 1) continued treatment in an open-label, uncontrolled extension study (Study 2). All patients received ALDURAZYME 0.58 mg/kg of body weight once weekly for up to 182 weeks. The most serious adverse reactions reported with ALDURAZYME infusions in Study 2 were anaphylactic and allergic reactions [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]. The most common adverse reactions requiring intervention were infusion reactions reported in 49% (22 of 45) of patients treated with ALDURAZYME. The most commonly reported infusion reactions included rash (13%), flushing (11%), pyrexia (11%), headache (9%), abdominal pain or discomfort (9%), and injection site reaction (9%). Less commonly reported infusion reactions included nausea (7%), diarrhea (7%), feeling hot or cold (7%), vomiting (4%), pruritus (4%), arthralgia (4%), and urticaria (4%). Additional common adverse reactions included back pain and musculoskeletal pain.
Clinical Trials in Patients 6 Years and Younger
Study 3 was a 52-week, open-label, uncontrolled study of 20 MPS I patients, ages 6 months to 5 years old (at enrollment). Sixteen patients were clinically assessed as having the Hurler form, and 4 had the Hurler-Scheie form. All 20 patients received ALDURAZYME at 0.58 mg/kg of body weight once weekly for 26 weeks and up to 52 weeks. All patients were treated with antipyretics and antihistamines prior to the infusions.
The most commonly reported serious adverse events (regardless of relationship) reported with ALDURAZYME infusions in Study 3 were otitis media (20%), and central venous catheterization required for ALDURAZYME infusion (15%).
The nature and severity of infusion reactions were similar between the older and less severely affected patients in Studies 1 and 2, and the younger, more severely affected patients in Study 3. The most commonly reported adverse reactions in Study 3 were infusion reactions reported in 35% (7 of 20) of patients and included pyrexia (30%), chills (20%), blood pressure increased (10%), tachycardia (10%), and oxygen saturation decreased (10%). Other commonly reported infusion reactions occurring in ≥ 5% of patients were pallor, tremor, respiratory distress, wheezing, crepitations (pulmonary), pruritus, and rash.
Immunogenicity
In clinical trials, 99 of 102 patients (97%) treated with ALDURAZYME were positive for IgG antibodies to ALDURAZYME. No correlation was demonstrated between the presence of IgG anti-ALDURAZYME antibodies and therapeutic response (6 MWT and FVC) or the occurrence of allergic reactions. Potential for antibody neutralization of cellular uptake has not been assessed. No consistent association was demonstrated between the presence of antibodies that neutralize enzymatic activity and therapeutic response.
The data reflect the percentage of patients whose test results were considered positive for antibodies to ALDURAZYME using a specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and confirmed by radioimmunoprecipitation (RIP). ALDURAZYME IgG antibodies were reported as titers. Drug specific antibody was detected in 42 of the 45 patients (93.3%) treated in Study 1 and Study 2. The mean time to seroconversion was 51 days in patients 6 years and older. In Study 3, all patients (100%) 5 years old or younger developed IgG antibodies against ALDURAZYME with a mean time to seroconversion of 26 days [see Clinical Studies for the Study populations].
Nine patients in Study 1 and Study 2, collectively, who experienced severe infusion reactions were tested for ALDURAZYME-specific IgE antibodies and complement activation. IgE testing was performed by ELISA, and complement activation was measured by the Quidel Enzyme Immunoassay. One of the nine patients had an anaphylactic reaction consisting of urticaria and airway obstruction and tested positive for both ALDURAZYME-specific IgE binding antibodies and complement activation. None of the patients in the openlabel clinical study of patients 5 years old or younger (Study 3) tested positive for IgE.
Other allergic reactions were also seen in patients receiving ALDURAZYME [see ADVERSE REACTIONS].
In the postmarketing setting, approximately 1% of patients experienced severe or serious infusion allergic reactions and tested positive for IgE. Of these IgE-positive patients, some have discontinued treatment, but some have been successfully re-challenged. The clinical significance of IgE antibodies has not been established.
As with all the therapeutic proteins, there is potential for immunogenicity. The incidence of antibody formation is highly dependent on the sensitivity and specificity of the assay. Additionally, the observed incidence of antibody (including neutralizing antibody) positivity in an assay may be influenced by several factors including assay methodology, sample handling, timing of sample collection, concomitant medications, and underlying disease. For these reasons, comparison of the incidence of antibodies to ALDURAZYME with the incidence of antibodies to other products may be misleading.
Postmarketing Experience
The following adverse reactions have been identified during post approval use of ALDURAZYME. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.
In postmarketing experience with ALDURAZYME, severe and serious infusion reactions have been reported, some of which were life-threatening, including anaphylactic shock [see BOXED WARNING and WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS] and laryngeal edema.
Adverse reactions resulting in death reported in the postmarketing setting with ALDURAZYME treatment included cardiorespiratory arrest, respiratory failure, cardiac failure, and pneumonia. These events have been reported in MPS I patients with significant underlying disease.
Additional adverse reactions included fatigue, edema peripheral, erythema and cyanosis.
There have been a small number of reports of extravasation in patients treated with ALDURAZYME. There have been no reports of tissue necrosis associated with extravasation.
Read the entire FDA prescribing information for Aldurazyme (Laronidase)
&Copy; Aldurazyme Patient Information is supplied by Cerner Multum, Inc. and Aldurazyme Consumer information is supplied by First Databank, Inc., used under license and subject to their respective copyrights.