MetroGel Generic Name: metronidazole Brand Name: Metrogel side effects drug center metrogel (metronidazole) drug Related Drugs Adoxa Atridox Benzamycin Cleocin Vaginal Cream ClindaMax Ery-Tab Eryc Finacea Flagyl Noritate Nuvessa Oracea Pediazole Rhofade Rosadan Cream Rosadan Gel Zilxi Health Resources Rosacea Vaginal Yeast Infection in Women Related Supplements Echinacea Yogurt Drug Comparison MetroGel vs. Cleocin MetroGel vs. Finacea MetroGel vs. Flagyl MetroGel vs. Noritate MetroGel vs. Soolantra Metrogel User Reviews PROFESSIONAL CONSUMER SIDE EFFECTS Contents Drug Description Indications & Dosage Side Effects & Drug Interactions Warnings & Precautions Overdosage & Contraindications Clinical Pharmacology Medication Guide Drug Description What is MetroGel and how is it used? MetroGel is a prescription medicine used to treat the symptoms of Rosacea. MetroGel may be used alone or with other medications. MetroGel belongs to a class of drugs called Antibacterials, Topical. It is not known if MetroGel is safe and effective in children. What are the possible side effects of MetroGel? MetroGel may cause serious side effects including: severe stinging or burning Get medical help right away, if you have any of the symptoms listed above. The most common side effects of MetroGel include: mild burning or stinging, numbness or tingly feeling in your hands or feet, mild skin redness or irritation, dry, scaly, or itchy skin, nausea, and metallic taste in your mouth Tell the doctor if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away. These are not all the possible side effects of MetroGel. For more information, ask your doctor or pharmacist. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. For topical use only. DESCRIPTION METROGEL contains metronidazole, USP. Chemically, metronidazole is 2-methyl-5-nitro-1 H-imidazole-1-ethanol. The molecular formula for metronidazole is C6H9N3O3. It has the following structural formula: Metronidazole has a molecular weight of 171.16. It is a white to pale yellow crystalline powder. It is slightly soluble in alcohol and has solubility in water of 10 mg/mL at 20°C. Metronidazole belongs to the nitroimidazole class of compounds. METROGEL is an aqueous gel; each gram contains 10 mg of metronidazole in a base of betadex, edetate disodium, hydroxyethyl cellulose, methylparaben, niacinamide, phenoxyethanol, propylene glycol, propylparaben and purified water. Indications & Dosage INDICATIONS METROGEL® (metronidazole) is indicated for the topical treatment of inflammatory lesions of rosacea. DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Apply and rub in a thin film of METROGEL (metronidazole) once daily to affected area(s). A gentle cleanser may be used before the application of METROGEL (metronidazole) . Cosmetics may be applied after the application of METROGEL (metronidazole) . Not for oral, ophthalmic or intravaginal use. HOW SUPPLIED Dosage Forms And Strengths Gel, 1%. Clear, colorless to pale yellow gel. Storage And Handling METROGEL® (metronidazole) is supplied as follows: 60 gram tube – NDC 0299-3820-60 Storage Conditions: Store at controlled room temperature: 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F), excursions permitted between 15° and 30°C (59° and 86°F). Manufactured by: Galderma Production Canada Inc. Baie d'Urfé, QC, H9X 3S4 Canada. Made in Canada. Marketed by: Galderma Laboratories, L.P. Fort Worth, Texas 76177 USA Side Effects & Drug Interactions SIDE EFFECTS Clinical Studies Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. In a controlled clinical trial, 557 patients used metronidazole gel, 1% and 189 patients used the gel vehicle once daily for up to 10 weeks. The following table summarizes selected adverse reactions that occurred at a rate of ≥ 1%: Table 1: Adverse Reactions That Occurred at a Rate of ≥ 1% System Organ Class/Preferred Term Metronidazole Gel, 1% N= 557 Gel Vehicle N= 189 Patients with at least one AE Number (%) of Patients 186 (33.4) 51 (27.0) Infections and infestations 76 (13.6) 28 (14.8) Bronchitis 6 (1.1) 3 (1.6) Influenza 8 (1.4) 1 (0.5) Nasopharyngitis 17 (3.1) 8 (4.2) Sinusitis 8 (1.4) 3 (1.6) Upper respiratory tract infection 14 (2.5) 4 (2.1) Urinary tract infection 6 (1.1) 1 (0.5) Vaginal mycosis 1 (0.2) 2 (1.1) Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders 19 (3.4) 5 (2.6) Back pain 3 (0.5) 2 (1.1) Neoplasms 4 (0.7) 2 (1.1) Basal cell carcinoma 1 (0.2) 2 (1.1) Nervous system disorders 18 (3.2) 3 (1.6) Headache 12 (2.2) 1 (0.5) Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders 22 (3.9) 5 (2.6) Nasal congestion 6 (1.1) 3 (1.6) Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders 36 (6.5) 12 (6.3) Contact dermatitis 7 (1.3) 1 (0.5) Dry skin 6 (1.1) 3 (1.6) Vascular disorders 8 (1.4) 1 (0.5) Hypertension 6 (1.1) 1 (0.5) Table 2: Local Cutaneous Signs and Symptoms of Irritation That Were Worse Than Baseline Sign/Symptom Metronidazole Gel, 1% N= 544 Gel Vehicle N= 184 Dryness 138 (25.4) 63 (34.2) Mild 93 (17.1) 41 (22.3) Moderate 42 (7.7) 20 (10.9) Severe 3 (0.6) 2 (1.1) Scaling 134 (24.6) 60 (32.6) Mild 88 (16.2) 32 (17.4) Moderate 43 (7.9) 27 (14.7) Severe 3 (0.6) 1 (0.5) Pruritus 86 (15.8) 35 (19.0) Mild 53 (9.7) 21 (11.4) Moderate 27 (5.0) 13 (7.1) Severe 6 (1.1) 1 (0.5) Stinging/burning 56 (10.3) 28 (15.2) Mild 39 (7.2) 18 (9.8) Moderate 7 (1.3) 9 (4.9) Severe 10 (1.8) 1 (0.5) The following additional adverse experiences have been reported with the topical use of metronidazole: skin irritation, transient redness, metallic taste, tingling or numbness of extremities, and nausea. Post Marketing Experience The following adverse reaction has been identified during post approval use of topical metronidazole: peripheral neuropathy. Because this reaction is reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate the frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. DRUG INTERACTIONS Oral metronidazole has been reported to potentiate the anticoagulant effect of coumarin and warfarin, resulting in a prolongation of prothrombin time. Drug interactions should be kept in mind when METROGEL (metronidazole) is prescribed for patients who are receiving anticoagulant treatment, although they are less likely to occur with topical metronidazole administration because of low absorption. Warnings & Precautions WARNINGS Included as part of the PRECAUTIONS section. PRECAUTIONS Neurologic Disease Peripheral neuropathy, characterized by numbness or paresthesia of an extremity has been reported in patients treated with systemic metronidazole. Although not evident in clinical trials for topical metronidazole, peripheral neuropathy has been reported with the post approval use. The appearance of abnormal neurologic signs should prompt immediate reevaluation of METROGEL therapy. Metronidazole should be administered with caution to patients with central nervous system diseases. Blood Dyscrasias Metronidazole is a nitroimidazole; use with care in patients with evidence of, or history of, blood dyscrasia. Contact Dermatitis Irritant and allergic contact dermatitis have been reported. If dermatitis occurs, patients may need to discontinue use. Eye Irritation Topical metronidazole has been reported to cause tearing of the eyes. Avoid contact with the eyes. Nonclinical Toxicology Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility Metronidazole has shown evidence of carcinogenic activity in a number of studies involving chronic, oral administration in mice and rats, but not in studies involving hamsters. In several long-term studies in mice, oral doses of approximately 225 mg/m²/day or greater (approximately 37 times the human topical dose on a mg/m² basis) were associated with an increase in pulmonary tumors and lymphomas. Several long-term oral studies in the rat have shown statistically significant increases in mammary and hepatic tumors at doses > 885 mg/m²/day (144 times the human dose). Metronidazole has shown evidence of mutagenic activity in several in vitro bacterial assay systems. In addition, a dose-related increase in the frequency of micronuclei was observed in mice after intraperitoneal injections. An increase in chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes was reported in patients with Crohn's disease who were treated with 200 to 1200 mg/day of metronidazole for 1 to 24 months. However, in another study, no increase in chromosomal aberrations in circulating lymphocytes was observed in patients with Crohn's disease treated with the drug for 8 months. In one published study, using albino hairless mice, intraperitoneal administration of metronidazole at a dose of 45 mg/m²/day (approximately 7 times the human topical dose on a mg/m² basis) was associated with an increase in ultraviolet radiation-induced skin carcinogenesis. Neither dermal carcinogenicity nor photocarcinogenicity studies have been performed with METROGEL or any marketed metronidazole formulations. Use In Specific Populations Pregnancy Teratogenic Effects - Pregnancy Category B There are no adequate and well-controlled studies with the use of METROGEL in pregnant women. Metronidazole crosses the placental barrier and enters the fetal circulation rapidly. No fetotoxicity was observed after oral administration of metronidazole in rats or mice at 200 and 20 times, respectively, the expected clinical dose. However, oral metronidazole has shown carcinogenic activity in rodents. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, METROGEL (metronidazole) should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Nursing Mothers After oral administration, metronidazole is secreted in breast milk in concentrations similar to those found in the plasma. Even though blood levels taken after topical metronidazole application are significantly lower than those achieved after oral metronidazole a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother and the risk to the infant. Pediatric Use Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established. Geriatric Use Sixty-six subjects aged 65 years and older were treated with metronidazole gel, 1% in the clinical study. No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between these subjects and younger subjects, and other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients, but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out. Overdosage & Contraindications OVERDOSE There are no reported human experiences with overdosage of METROGEL. Topically applied metronidazole can be absorbed in sufficient amount to produce systemic effects. CONTRAINDICATIONS METROGEL (metronidazole) is contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to metronidazole or to any other ingredient in the formulation. Clinical Pharmacology CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY Mechanism of Action The mechanism of action of metronidazole in the treatment of rosacea is unknown. Pharmacodynamics The pharmacodynamics of metronidazole in association with the treatment of rosacea are unknown. Pharmacokinetics Topical administration of a one gram dose of METROGEL (metronidazole) to the face of 13 patients with moderate to severe rosacea once daily for 7 days resulted in a mean ± SD Cmax of metronidazole of 32 ± 9 ng/mL. The mean ± SD AUC(0-24) was 595 ± 154 ng*hr/mL. The mean Cmax and AUC(0-24) are less than 1% of the value reported for a single 250 mg oral dose of metronidazole. The time to maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) was 6-10 hours after topical application. Clinical Studies In a randomized, vehicle-controlled trial, 746 subjects with rosacea were treated with metronidazole gel, 1% or gel vehicle once daily for 10 weeks. Most subjects had “moderate” rosacea at baseline. Efficacy was determined by recording reduction in inflammatory lesion counts and success rate in the Investigator Global Assessment (percentage of subjects “clear” and “almost clear” of rosacea at the end of the study). The scale is based on the following definitions: Table 3: Investigator Global Assessment Scale Score Grade Definition 0 Clear No signs or symptoms present; at most, mild erythema 1 Almost Clear Very mild erythema present. Very few small papules/pustules 2 Mild Mild erythema. Several small papules/pustules 3 Moderate Moderate erythema. Several small or large papules/pustules, and up to 2 nodules 4 Severe Severe erythema. Numerous small and/or large papules/pustules, up to several nodules The results are shown in the following table: Table 4: Inflammatory Lesion Counts and Global Scores in a Clinical Trial of Rosacea Metronidazole Gel, 1% Vehicle N Results N (%) N Results N (%) Inflammatory lesions 557 189 Baseline, mean count 18.3 18.4 Week-10, mean count 8.9 12.8 Reduction 9.4 (50.7) 5.6 (32.6) Investigator Global Assessment 557 189 Subject clear or almost clear 214 (38.42) 52 (27.51) Subject with no change 159 (28.5) 77 (40.7) Subjects treated with metronidazole gel, 1% experienced a mean reduction of 9.4 inflammatory lesions in the Week-10 LOCF group, compared to a reduction of 5.6 for those treated with vehicle, or a difference in means of 3.8 lesions. The contribution to efficacy of individual components of the vehicle has not been established. Medication Guide PATIENT INFORMATION Patients using METROGEL (metronidazole) should receive the following information and instructions: This medication is to be used as directed. It is for external use only. Avoid contact with the eyes. Cleanse affected area(s) before applying METROGEL (metronidazole) . This medication should not be used for any condition other than that for which it is prescribed. Keep out of reach of children. Patients should report any adverse reaction to their physicians.
