Zevalin Generic Name: ibritumomab tiuxetan Brand Name: Zevalin side effects drug center zevalin (ibritumomab tiuxetan) drug Related Drugs Anthim Beleodaq Bexxar Breyanzi Decadron Idhifa Jeanatope 1-125 Octreoscan Riabni Vyxeos Zolinza Health Resources Cancer Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Related Supplements Adenosine Coriolus Mushroom Melatonin PROFESSIONAL CONSUMER SIDE EFFECTS Contents Drug Description Indications & Dosage Side Effects & Drug Interactions Warnings & Precautions Overdosage & Contraindications Clinical Pharmacology Medication Guide Drug Description What is Zevalin and how is it used? Zevalin is a prescription medicine used to treat the symptoms of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Zevalin may be used alone or with other medications. Zevalin belongs to a class of drugs called Antineoplastics, Anti-CD20 Monoclonal Antibodies. It is not known if Zevalin is safe and effective in children. What are the possible side effects of Zevalin? Zevalin may cause serious side effects including: hives, difficulty breathing, swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat, fever, sore throat, burning eyes, skin pain, red or purple skin rash with blistering and peeling, lightheadedness, shortness of breath, chest tightness or pain spreading to your jaw or shoulder, redness, ulcers, or skin changes where the medicine was injected, easy bruising, unusual bleeding, purple or red spots under your skin, unusual weakness, tiredness, pale skin, weakness, cold hands and feet, mouth sores, skin sores, cough, and skin rash (may occur during treatment or several months after) Get medical help right away, if you have any of the symptoms listed above. The most common side effects of Zevalin include: nausea, stomach pain, diarrhea, fever, cough, stuffy nose, sore throat, sinus pain, weakness, and tiredness Tell the doctor if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away. These are not all the possible side effects of Zevalin. For more information, ask your doctor or pharmacist. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. WARNING SERIOUS INFUSION REACTIONS, PROLONGED AND SEVERE CYTOPENIAS, and SEVERE CUTANEOUS AND MUCOCUTANEOUS REACTIONS Serious Infusion Reactions Deaths have occurred within 24 hours of rituximab infusion, an essential component of the Zevalin therapeutic regimen. These fatalities were associated with hypoxia, pulmonary infiltrates, acute respiratory distress syndrome, myocardial infarction, ventricular fibrillation, or cardiogenic shock. Most (80%) fatalities occurred with the first rituximab infusion [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS and ADVERSE REACTIONS]. Discontinue rituximab and Y-90 Zevalin infusions in patients who develop severe infusion reactions. Prolonged and Severe Cytopenias Y-90 Zevalin administration results in severe and prolonged cytopenias in most patients. Do not administer Y-90 Zevalin to patients with ≥ 25% lymphoma marrow involvement and/or impaired bone marrow reserve [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS and ADVERSE REACTIONS]. Severe Cutaneous and Mucocutaneous Reactions Severe cutaneous and mucocutaneous reactions, some fatal, can occur with the Zevalin therapeutic regimen. Discontinue rituximab and Y-90 Zevalin infusions in patients experiencing severe cutaneous or mucocutaneous reactions [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS and ADVERSE REACTIONS]. Dosing The dose of Y-90 Zevalin should not exceed 32.0 mCi (1184 MBq) [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION]. DESCRIPTION Zevalin (ibritumomab tiuxetan) is the immunoconjugate resulting from a stable thiourea covalent bond between the monoclonal antibody ibritumomab and the linker-chelator tiuxetan [N-[2- bis(carboxymethyl)amino]-3-(p-isothiocyanatophenyl)-propyl]-[N-[2-bis(carboxymethyl)amino]-2- (methyl)-ethyl]glycine. This linker-chelator provides a high affinity, conformationally restricted chelation site for Indium-111 or Yttrium-90. The approximate molecular weight of ibritumomab tiuxetan is 148 kD. The antibody moiety of Zevalin is ibritumomab, a murine IgG1 kappa monoclonal antibody directed against the CD20 antigen. Ibritumomab tiuxetan is a clear, colorless, sterile, pyrogen-free, preservative-free solution that may contain translucent particles. Each single-use vial includes 3.2 mg of ibritumomab tiuxetan in 2 mL of 0.9% Sodium Chloride. Physical/Radiochemical Characteristics Of Y-90 Yttrium-90 decays by emission of beta particles, with a physical half-life of 64.1 hours (2.67 days). The product of radioactive decay is non-radioactive Zirconium-90. The range of beta particles in soft tissue (X90) is 5 mm. Radiation emission data for Y-90 are summarized in Table 5. Table 5: Principal Y-90 Radiation Emission Data Radiation Mean % per Disintegration Mean Energy (keV) Beta minus 100 750-935 External Radiation The exposure rate for 1 mCi (37 MBq) of Y-90 is 8.3 x 10-3 C/kg/hr (32 R/hr) at the mouth of an open Y-90 vial. To allow correction for physical decay of Y-90, the fractions that remain at selected intervals before and after the time of calibration are shown in Table 6. Table 6: Physical Decay Chart: Y-90 Half-life 2.67 Days (64.1 Hours ) Calibration Time (Hrs.) Fraction Remaining Calibration Time (Hrs.) Fraction Remaining -36 1.48 0 1.00 -24 1.30 1 0.99 -12 1.14 2 0.98 -8 1.09 3 0.97 -7 1.08 4 0.96 -6 1.07 5 0.95 -5 1.06 6 0.94 -4 1.04 7 0.93 -3 1.03 8 0.92 -2 1.02 12 0.88 -1 1.01 24 0.77 0 1.00 36 0.68 Indications & Dosage INDICATIONSRelapsed Or Refractory, Low-Grade Or Follicular NHLZevalin is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory, low-grade or follicular B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL).Previously Untreated Follicular NHLZevalin is indicated for the treatment of previously untreated follicular NHL in adult patients who achieve a partial or complete response to first-line chemotherapy. DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATIONRecommended Dosing ScheduleAdminister the Zevalin therapeutic regimen as outlined below.Initiate the Zevalin therapeutic regimen following recovery of platelet counts to 150,000/mm3 or more at least 6 weeks, but no more than 12 weeks, following the last dose of first-line chemotherapy.Only administer rituximab/Zevalin in facilities where immediate access to resuscitative measures is available.Overview of Dosing ScheduleZevalin Therapeutic Regimen Dosage And AdministrationDay 1Premedicate with acetaminophen 650 mg orally and diphenhydramine 50 mg orally prior to rituximab infusion.Administer rituximab 250 mg/m2 intravenously at an initial rate of 50 mg/hr. In the absence of infusion reactions, escalate the infusion rate in 50 mg/hr increments every 30 minutes to a maximum of 400 mg/hr. Do not mix or dilute rituximab with other drugs.Immediately stop the rituximab infusion for serious infusion reactions and discontinue the Zevalin therapeutic regimen [see BOXED WARNING and WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].Temporarily slow or interrupt the rituximab infusion for less severe infusion reactions. If symptoms improve, continue the infusion at one-half the previous rate.Day 7, 8 Or 9Premedicate with acetaminophen 650 mg orally and diphenhydramine 50 mg orally prior to rituximab infusion.Administer rituximab 250 mg/m2 intravenously at an initial rate of 100 mg/hr. Increase rate by 100 mg/hr increments at 30 minute intervals, to a maximum of 400 mg/hr, as tolerated. If infusion reactions occurred during rituximab infusion on Day 1 of treatment, administer rituximab at an initial rate of 50 mg/hr and escalate the infusion rate in 50 mg/hr increments every 30 minutes to a maximum of 400 mg/hr.Administer Y-90 Zevalin injection through a free flowing intravenous line within 4 hours following completion of rituximab infusion. Use a 0.22 micron lowprotein-binding in-line filter between the syringe and the infusion port. After infusion, flush the line with at least 10 mL of normal saline.If platelet count at least 150,000/mm3, administer Y-90 Zevalin over 10 minutes as an intravenous infusion at a dose of Y-90 0.4 mCi per kg (14.8 MBq per kg) actual body weight.If platelet count 100,000 to 149,000/mm3, in relapsed or refractory patients, administer Y-90 Zevalin over 10 minutes as an intravenous infusion at a dose of Y-90 0.3 mCi per kg (11.1 MBq per kg) actual body weight.Do not administer more than 32 mCi (1184 MBq) Y-90 Zevalin dose regardless of the patient’s body weight.Monitor patients closely for evidence of extravasation during the infusion of Y-90 Zevalin. Immediately stop infusion and restart in another limb if any signs or symptoms of extravasation occur [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].Directions For Preparation Of Radiolabeled Y-90 Zevalin DosesA clearly-labeled kit is required for preparation of Yttrium-90 (Y-90) Zevalin. Follow the detailed instructions for the preparation of radiolabeled Zevalin [see Procedure For Determining Radiochemical Purity].Required materials not supplied in the kitYttrium-90 Chloride Sterile SolutionThree sterile 1 mL plastic syringesOne sterile 3 mL plastic syringeTwo sterile 10 mL plastic syringes with 18-20 G needlesITLC silica gel strips0.9% Sodium Chloride aqueous solution for the chromatography solventDeveloping chamber for chromatographySuitable radioactivity counting apparatusFilter, 0.22 micrometer, low-protein-bindingAppropriate acrylic shielding for reaction vial and syringe for Y-90MethodAllow contents of the refrigerated Y-90 Zevalin kit (Zevalin vial, 50 mM sodium acetate vial, and formulation buffer vial) to reach room temperature.Place the empty reaction vial in an appropriate acrylic shield.Determine the amount of each component needed:Calculate volume of Y-90 Chloride equivalent to 40 mCi based on the activity concentration of the Y-90 Chloride stock.The volume of 50 mM Sodium Acetate solution needed is 1.2 times the volume of Y-90 Chloride solution determined in step 3.a, above.Calculate the volume of formulation buffer needed to bring the reaction vial contents to a final volume of 10 mL.Transfer the calculated volume of 50 mM Sodium Acetate to the empty reaction vial. Coat the entire inner surface of the reaction vial by gentle inversion or rolling.Transfer 40 mCi of Y-90 Chloride to the reaction vial using an acrylic shielded syringe. Mix the two solutions by gentle inversion or rolling.Transfer 1.3 mL of Zevalin (ibritumomab tiuxetan) to the reaction vial. Do not shake or agitate the vial contents.Allow the labeling reaction to proceed at room temperature for 5 minutes. A shorter or longer reaction time may adversely alter the final labeled product.Immediately after the 5-minute incubation period, transfer the calculated volume of formulation buffer from step 3.c. to the reaction vial. Gently add the formulation buffer down the side of the reaction vial. If necessary, withdraw an equal volume of air to normalize pressure.Measure the final product for total activity using a radioactivity calibration system suitable for the measurement of Y-90.Using the supplied labels, record the date and time of preparation, the total activity and volume, and the date and time of expiration, and affix these labels to the shielded reaction vial container.Patient Dose: Calculate the volume required for a Y-90 Zevalin dose [see Zevalin Therapeutic Regimen Dosage And Administration]. Withdraw the required volume from the reaction vial. Assay the syringe in the dose calibrator suitable for the measurement of Y-90. The measured dose must be within 10% of the prescribed dose of Y-90 Zevalin and must not exceed 32 mCi (1184 MBq). Using the supplied labels, record the patient identifier, total activity and volume and the date and time of expiration, and affix these labels to the syringe and shielded unit dose container.Determine Radiochemical Purity [see Procedure For Determining Radiochemical Purity].Store Yttrium-90 Zevalin at 2-8°C (36-46°F) until use and administer within 8 hours of radiolabeling. Immediately prior to administration, assay the syringe and contents using a radioactivity calibration system suitable for the measurement of Y-90.Procedure For Determining Radiochemical PurityUse the following procedures for radiolabeling Y-90 ZevalinPlace a small drop of Y-90 Zevalin at the origin of an ITLC silica gel strip.Place the ITLC silica gel strip into a chromatography chamber with the origin at the bottom and the solvent front at the top. Allow the solvent (0.9% NaCl) to migrate at least 5 cm from the bottom of the strip. Remove the strip from the chamber and cut the strip in half. Count each half of the ITLC silica gel strip for one minute (CPM) with a suitable counting apparatus.Calculate the percent RCP as follows:Repeat the ITLC procedure if the radiochemical purity is <95%. If repeat testing confirms that radiochemical purity is <95%, do not administer the Y-90 Zevalin dose.Radiation DosimetryDuring clinical trials with Zevalin, estimations of radiation-absorbed doses for Y-90 Zevalin were performed using sequential whole body images and the MIRDOSE 3 software program. The estimated radiation absorbed doses to organs and marrow from a course of the Zevalin therapeutic regimen are summarized in Table 1. Absorbed dose estimates for the lower large intestine, upper large intestine, and small intestine have been modified from the standard MIRDOSE 3 output to account for the assumption that activity is within the intestine wall rather than the intestine contents.Table 1. Estimated Radiation Absorbed Doses from Y-90 ZevalinOrganY-90 Zevalin cGy /mCi (mGy/MBq)MedianRangeSpleen*34.78 (9.4)6.66 - 74.00(1.8 - 20.0)Liver*17.76 (4.8)10.73 - 29.97(2.9 - 8.1)Lower Large Intestinal Wall*17.39 (4.7)11.47 - 30.34(3.1 - 8.2)Upper Large Intestinal Wall*13.32 (3.6)7.40 - 24.79(2.0 - 6.7)Heart Wall*10.73 (2.9)5.55 - 11.84(1.5 - 3.2)Lungs*7.4 (2)4.44 - 12.58(1.2 -3.4)Testes*5.55 (1.5)3.70 - 15.91(1.0 - 4.3)Small Intestine*5.18 (1.4)2.96 - 7.77(0.8 - 2.1)Red Marrow†4.81 (1.3)2.22 - 6.66(0.6 - 1.8)Urinary Bladder Wall‡3.33 (0.9)2.59 - 4.81(0.7 - 1.3)Bone Surfaces†3.33 (0.9)1.85 - 4.44(0.5 - 1.2)Total Body‡1.85 (0.5)1.48 - 2.59(0.4 - 0.7)Ovaries‡1.48 (0.4)1.11 - 1.85(0.3 - 0.5)Uterus‡1.48 (0.4)1.11 - 1.85(0.3 - 0.5)Adrenals‡1.11 (0.3)0.74 - 1.85(0.2 - 0.5)Brain‡1.11 (0.3)0.74 - 1.85(0.2 - 0.5)Breasts‡1.11 (0.3)0.74 - 1.85(0.2 - 0.5)Gallbladder Wall‡1.11 (0.3)0.74 - 1.85(0.2 - 0.5)Muscle‡1.11 (0.3)0.74 - 1.85(0.2 - 0.5)Pancreas‡1.11 (0.3)0.74 - 1.85(0.2 - 0.5)Skin‡1.11 (0.3)0.74 - 1.85(0.2 - 0.5)Stomach‡1.11 (0.3)0.74 - 1.85(0.2 - 0.5)Thymus‡1.11 (0.3)0.74 - 1.85(0.2 - 0.5)Thyroid‡1.11 (0.3)0.74 - 1.85(0.2 - 0.5)Kidneys*0.37 (0.1)0.00 - 1.11(0.0 - 0.3)* Organ region of interest † Sacrum region of interest ‡ Whole body region of interest HOW SUPPLIEDDosage Forms And StrengthsInjection3.2 mg ibritumomab tiuxetan per 2 mL as a clear, colorless solution, that may contain translucent particles, in a single-dose vial.Storage And HandlingA kit is used for preparing Y-90 radiolabeled Zevalin (NDC 72893-007-04). The contents of all vials are sterile, pyrogen-free, contain no preservatives, and are not radioactive. The kit contains four identification labels and the following four vials:One (1) Zevalin vial containing 3.2 mg ibritumomab tiuxetan in 2 mL 0.9% Sodium Chloride as a clear, colorless solution.One (1) 50 mM Sodium Acetate Vial containing 13.6 mg Sodium Acetate trihydrate in 2 mL Water for Injection, USP as a clear, colorless solution.One (1) Formulation Buffer Vial containing 750 mg Albumin (Human), 76 mg Sodium Chloride, 28 mg Sodium Phosphate Dibasic Dodecahydrate, 4 mg Pentetic Acid, 2 mg Potassium Phosphate Monobasic and 2 mg Potassium Chloride in 10 mL Water for Injection, pH 7.1 as a clear yellow to amber colored solution.One (1) empty Reaction Vial.Yttrium-90 Chloride Sterile Solution is shipped directly from the supplier upon placement of an order for the Y-90 Zevalin kit.Rituximab must be ordered separately.StorageStore the kit at 2-8°C (36-46°F). Do not freeze.Manufactured for: Acrotech Biopharma LLC East Windsor, NJ 08520. Revised: Sep 2019 Side Effects & Drug Interactions SIDE EFFECTSThe following serious adverse reactions are discussed in greater detail in other sections of the label:Serious Infusion Reactions [see BOXED WARNING and WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].Prolonged and Severe Cytopenias [see BOXED WARNING and WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].Severe Cutaneous and Mucocutaneous Reactions [see BOXED WARNING and WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndrome [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].Clinical Trials ExperienceBecause clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.The reported safety data reflects exposure to Zevalin in 349 patients with relapsed or refractory, low-grade, follicular or transformed NHL across 5 trials (4 single arm and 1 randomized) and in 206 patients with previously untreated follicular NHL in a randomized trial (FIT study) who received any portion of the Zevalin therapeutic regimen. The safety data reflect exposure to Zevalin in 270 patients with relapsed or refractory NHL with platelet counts ≥150,000/ mm3 who received 0.4 mCi/kg (14.8 MBq/kg) of Y-90 Zevalin (Group 1 in Table 4), 65 patients with relapsed or refractory NHL with platelet counts of ≥ 100,000 but ≤ 149,000 /mm3 who received 0.3 mCi/kg (11.1 MBq/kg) of Y-90 Zevalin (Group 2 in Table 4), and 204 patients with previously untreated NHL with platelet counts ≥150,000/ mm who received 0.4 mCi/kg (14.8 MBq/kg) of Y-90 Zevalin; all patients received a single course of Zevalin.The most common adverse reactions of Zevalin are cytopenias, fatigue, nasopharyngitis, nausea, abdominal pain, asthenia, cough, diarrhea, and pyrexia.The most serious adverse reactions of Zevalin are prolonged and severe cytopenias (thrombocytopenia, anemia, lymphopenia, neutropenia) and secondary malignancies.Because the Zevalin therapeutic regimen includes the use of rituximab, see prescribing information for rituximab.Table 2 displays selected adverse reaction incidence rates in patients who received any portion of the Zevalin therapeutic regimen (n=206) or no further therapy (n=203) following first-line chemotherapy (FIT study).Table 2. Per-Patient Incidence (%) of Selected* Adverse Reactions Occurring in ≥ 5% of Patients with Previously Untreated Follicular NHL Treated with the Zevalin Therapeutic RegimenZevalin (n=206)Observation (n=203)All Grades†Grade† 3-4All Grades †Grade † 3-4%%%%Gastrointestinal DisordersAbdominal pain17213<1Diarrhea11030Nausea18020Body as a WholeAsthenia1518<1Fatigue33190Influenza-like illness8030Pyrexia10340MusculoskeletalMyalgia9030MetabolismAnorexia8020Respiratory, Thoracic & MediaCough11<150Pharyngolaryngeal pain7020Epistaxis52<10Nervous SystemDizziness7020VascularHypertension732<1Skin & SubcutaneousNight sweats8020Petechiae8200Pruritus7010Rash70<10Infections & InfestationsBronchitis8030Nasopharyngitis190100Rhinitis8020Sinusitis7<1<10Urinary tract infection7<130Blood and Lymphatic SystemThrombocytopenia625110Neutropenia454132Anemia22540Leukopenia433641Lymphopenia261895* Between-group difference of ≥5%† NCI CTCAE version 2.0Table 3 shows hematologic toxicities in 349 Zevalin-treated patients with relapsed or refractory, low-grade, follicular or transformed B-cell NHL. Grade 2-4 hematologic toxicity occurred in 86% of Zevalin-treated patients.Table 3. Per-Patient Incidence (%) of Hematologic Adverse Reactions in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Lowgrade, Follicular or Transformed B-cell NHL* (N = 349All Grades%Grade 3-4%Thrombocytopenia9563Neutropenia7760Anemia6117Ecchymosis7<1* Occurring within the 12 weeks following the first rituximab infusion of the Zevalin therapeutic regimenProlonged And Severe CytopeniasPatients in clinical studies were not permitted to receive hematopoietic growth factors beginning 2 weeks prior to administration of the Zevalin therapeutic regimen.The incidence and duration of severe hematologic toxicity in previously treated NHL patients (N=335) and in previously untreated patients (FIT study) receiving Y-90 Zevalin are shown in Table 4.Table 4. Severe Hematologic Toxicity in Patients Receiving ZevalinBaseline Platelet CountGroup 1(n=270)≥150,000/mm3Group 2(n=65 )≥ 100,000 but ≤ 149,000/mm3FIT study(n=204)≥150,000/mm3Y-90 Zevalin Dose0.4 mCi/kg(14.8 MBq/kg)0.3 mCi/kg(11.1 MBq/kg)0.4 mCi/kg(14.8 MBq/kg)ANC Median nadir ( per mm3)800600721 Per Patient IncidenceANC <1000/mm357%74%65% Per Patient IncidenceANC <500/mm330%35%26%Median Duration (Days)* ANC <1000/mm3222929Median Time to Recovery†121315PlateletsMedian nadir (per mm3)41,00024,00042,000Per Patient IncidencePlatelets <50,000/mm361%78%61%Per Patient IncidencePlatelets <10,000/mm310%14%4%Median Duration (Days)‡Platelets <50,000/mm3243526Median Time to Recovery†131414* Day from last ANC ≥1000/mm3 to first ANC ≥1000/mm3 following nadir, censored at next treatment or death† Day from nadir to first count at level of Grade 1 toxicity or baseline‡ Day from last platelet count ≥50,000/mm3 to day of first platelet count ≥50,000/mm3 following nadir, censored at next treatment or deathCytopenias were more severe and more prolonged among eleven (5%) patients who received Zevalin after first-line fludarabine or a fludarabine-containing chemotherapy regimen as compared to patients receiving non-fludarabine-containing regimens. Among these eleven patients, the median platelet nadir was 13,000/mm with a median duration of platelets below 50,000/mm3 of 56 days and the median time for platelet recovery from nadir to Grade 1 toxicity or baseline was 35 days. The median ANC was 355/mm3, with a median duration of ANC below 1,000/mm of 37 days and the median time for ANC recovery from nadir to Grade 1 toxicity or baseline was 20 days.The median time to cytopenia was similar across patients with relapsed/refractory NHL and those completing first-line chemotherapy, with median ANC nadir at 61-62 days, platelet nadir at 49-53 days, and hemoglobin nadir at 68-69 days after Y-90-Zevalin administration.Information on hematopoietic growth factor use and platelet transfusions is based on 211 patients with relapsed/refractory NHL and 206 patients following firstline chemotherapy. Filgrastim was given to 13% of patients and erythropoietin to 8% with relapsed or refractory disease; 14% of patients receiving Zevalin following first-line chemotherapy received granulocyte-colony stimulating factors and 5% received erythopoiesis-stimulating agents. Platelet transfusions were given to approximately 22% of all Zevalin-treated patients. Red blood cell transfusions were given to 20% of patients with relapsed or refractory NHL and 2% of patients receiving Zevalin following first-line chemotherapy.InfectionsIn relapsed or refractory NHL patients, infections occurred in 29% of 349 patients during the first 3 months after initiating the Zevalin therapeutic regimen and 3% developed serious infections (urinary tract infection, febrile neutropenia, sepsis, pneumonia, cellulitis, colitis, diarrhea, osteomyelitis, and upper respiratory tract infection). Life-threatening infections were reported in 2% (sepsis, empyema, pneumonia, febrile neutropenia, fever, and biliary stent-associated cholangitis). From 3 months to 4 years after Zevalin treatment, 6% of patients developed infections; 2% were serious (urinary tract infection, bacterial or viral pneumonia, febrile neutropenia, perihilar infiltrate, pericarditis, and intravenous drug-associated viral hepatitis) and 1% were life-threatening infections (bacterial pneumonia, respiratory disease, and sepsis).When administered following first-line chemotherapy (Table 2), Grade 3-4 infections occurred in 8% of Zevalin treated patients and in 2% of controls and included neutropenic sepsis (1%), bronchitis, catheter sepsis, diverticulitis, herpes zoster, influenza, lower respiratory tract infection, sinusitis, and upper respiratory tract infection.Leukemia And Myelodysplastic SyndromeAmong 746 patients with relapsed/refractory NHL, 19 (2.6%) patients developed MDS/AML with a median follow-up of 4.4 years. The overall incidence of MDS/AML among the 211 patients included in the clinical studies was 5.2% (11/211), with a median follow-up of 6.5 years and median time to development of MDS/AML of 2.9 years. The cumulative Kaplan-Meier estimated incidence of MDS/secondary leukemia in this patient population was 2.2% at 2 years and 5.9% at 5 years. The incidence of MDS/AML among the 535 patients in the expanded access programs was 1.5% (8/535) with a median follow-up of 4.4 years and median time to development of MDS/AML of 1.5 years. Multiple cytogenetic abnormalities were described, most commonly involving chromosomes 5 and/or 7. The risk of MDS/AML was not associated with the number of prior treatments (0-1 versus 2-10).Among 204 patients receiving Y-90-Zevalin following first-line treatment, 7 (3%) patients developed MDS/AML between approximately 2 to 7 years after Zevalin administration [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].Post-Marketing ExperienceThe following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of the Zevalin therapeutic regimen in hematologic malignancies. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. Decisions to include these reactions in labeling are typically based on one or more of the following factors: (1) seriousness of the reaction, (2) frequency of reporting, or (3) strength of causal connection to the Zevalin therapeutic regimen.Cutaneous and mucocutaneous reactions: erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, bullous dermatitis, and exfoliative dermatitis [see BOXED WARNING and WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].Infusion site erythema and ulceration following extravasation [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].Radiation injury in tissues near areas of lymphomatous involvement within a month of Zevalin administration.ImmunogenicityAs with all therapeutic proteins, there is a potential for immunogenicity. The detection of antibody formation is highly dependent on the sensitivity and specificity of the assay. Additionally, the observed incidence of antibody (including neutralizing antibody) positivity in an assay may be influenced by several factors including assay methodology, sample handling, timing of sample collection, concomitant medications, and underlying disease. For these reasons, comparisons of the incidence of antibodies to the Zevalin therapeutic regimen in the studies described below with the incidence of antibodies in other studies or to other products may be misleading.HAMA and HACA response data on 446 patients from 8 clinical studies conducted over a 10-year time period are available. Overall, 11/446 (2.5%) had evidence of either HAMA formation (N=8) or HACA formation (N=4). Six of these patients developed HAMA/HACA after treatment with Zevalin and 5 were HAMA/HACA positive at baseline. Of the 6 who were HAMA/HACA positive, only one was positive for both. Furthermore, in 6 of the 11 patients, the HAMA/HACA reverted to negative within 2 weeks to 3 months. No patients had increasing levels of HAMA/HACA at the end of the studies.Only 6/446 patients (1.3%) had developed evidence of antibody formation after treatment with Zevalin, and of these, many either reverted to negative or decreased over time. This data demonstrates that HAMA/HACA develop infrequently, are typically transient, and do not increase with time. DRUG INTERACTIONSPatients receiving medications that interfere with platelet function or coagulation should have more frequent laboratory monitoring for thrombocytopenia. No formal drug interaction studies have been performed with Zevalin. Warnings & Precautions WARNINGSIncluded as part of the "PRECAUTIONS" Section PRECAUTIONSSerious Infusion ReactionsRituximab, alone or as a component of the Zevalin therapeutic regimen, can cause severe, including fatal, infusion reactions. These reactions typically occur during the first rituximab infusion with time to onset of 30 to 120 minutes. Signs and symptoms of severe infusion reactions may include urticaria, hypotension, angioedema, hypoxia, bronchospasm, pulmonary infiltrates, acute respiratory distress syndrome, myocardial infarction, ventricular fibrillation, and cardiogenic shock. Temporarily slow or interrupt the rituximab infusion for less severe infusion reactions. Immediately discontinue rituximab and Y-90 Zevalin administration for severe infusion reactions. Only administer rituximab/Zevalin in facilities where immediate access to resuscitative measures is available [see BOXED WARNING and DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION]. See also prescribing information for rituximab.Prolonged And Severe CytopeniasCytopenias with delayed onset and prolonged duration, some complicated by hemorrhage and severe infection, are the most common severe adverse reactions of the Zevalin therapeutic regimen. When used according to recommended doses, the incidences of severe thrombocytopenia and neutropenia are greater in patients with mild baseline thrombocytopenia (≥ 100,000 but ≤ 149,000/mm3) compared to those with normal pretreatment platelet counts. Severe cytopenias persisting more than 12 weeks following administration can occur. Monitor complete blood counts (CBC) and platelet counts following the Zevalin therapeutic regimen weekly until levels recover or as clinically indicated [see BOXED WARNING and ADVERSE REACTIONS].Do not administer the Zevalin therapeutic regimen to patients with ≥ 25% lymphoma marrow involvement and/or impaired bone marrow reserve. Monitor patients for cytopenias and their complications (e.g., febrile neutropenia, hemorrhage) for up to 3 months after use of the Zevalin therapeutic regimen. Avoid using drugs which interfere with platelet function or coagulation following the Zevalin therapeutic regimen.Severe Cutaneous And Mucocutaneous ReactionsErythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, bullous dermatitis, and exfoliative dermatitis, some fatal, were reported in postmarketing experience. The time to onset of these reactions was variable, ranging from a few days to 4 months after administration of the Zevalin therapeutic regimen. Discontinue the Zevalin therapeutic regimen in patients experiencing a severe cutaneous or mucocutaneous reaction [see BOXED WARNING and ADVERSE REACTIONS].Risk Of Developing Myelodysplastic Syndrome, Leukemia, And Other MalignanciesThe radiation dose resulting from therapeutic exposure to Y-90 radiolabeled Zevalin may result in secondary malignancies.Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and/or acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) were reported in 5.2% (11/211) of patients with relapsed or refractory NHL enrolled in clinical studies and 1.5% (8/535) of patients included in the expanded-access trial, with median follow-up of 6.5 and 4.4 years, respectively. Among the 19 reported cases, the median time to the diagnosis of MDS or AML was 1.9 years following treatment with the Zevalin therapeutic regimen; however, the cumulative incidence continues to increase [see ADVERSE REACTIONS].Among 204 patients receiving Y-90 Zevalin following first-line chemotherapy, 26 (12.7%) patients in the Zevalin arm developed a second primary malignancy compared to 14 (6.8%) of patients in the control arm. Seven patients (3.4%, 7/204) were diagnosed with MDS/AML after receiving Zevalin, compared to one patient (0.5%, 1/205) in the control arm, with a median follow-up of 7.3 years. Deaths due to second primary malignancy included 8 (3.9%) patients in the Zevalin arm compared to 3 (1.5%) patients in the control arm. Deaths due to MDS/AML included five (2.5%) patients in the Zevalin arm compared to no patients in the control arm.Monitor patients for hematological toxicity including development of MDS or AML.ExtravasationMonitor patients closely for evidence of extravasation during Zevalin infusion. Immediately terminate the infusion if signs or symptoms of extravasation occur and restart in another limb [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].Risks Of ImmunizationThe safety of immunization with live viral vaccines following the Zevalin therapeutic regimen has not been studied. Do not administer live viral vaccines to patients who have recently received Zevalin. The ability to generate an immune response to any vaccine following the Zevalin therapeutic regimen has not been studied.Radionuclide PrecautionsDuring and after radiolabeling Zevalin with Y-90, minimize radiation exposure to patients and to medical personnel, consistent with institutional good radiation safety practices and patient management procedures.Embryo-Fetal ToxicityBased on its radioactivity, Y-90 Zevalin may cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus. Advise females of reproductive potential and males with female partners of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment and for a minimum of twelve months after the last dose [see Use In Specific Populations and CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].Nonclinical ToxicologyCarcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment Of FertilityCarcinogenicity and mutogenicity studies have not been conducted. However, radiation is a potential carcinogen and mutagen.No animal studies have been performed to determine the effects of Zevalin on fertility in males or females. In clinical studies, the Zevalin therapeutic regimen results in a significant radiation dose to the testes: the radiation dose to the ovaries has not been established [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION]. There is a potential risk that the Zevalin therapeutic regimen could cause toxic effects on the male and female gonads. Effective contraceptive methods should be used during treatment and for up to 12 months following the Zevalin therapeutic regimen. Use In Specific PopulationsPregnancyRisk SummaryBased on its radioactivity, Y-90 Zevalin may cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY]. Immunoglobulins are known to cross the placenta. There are no available data on Zevalin use in pregnant women to inform a drug-associated risk of major birth defects and miscarriage. Advise women of childbearing potential to use adequate contraception for a minimum of twelve months. Inform women who become pregnant while receiving Zevalin of the potential fetal risks.The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated populations are unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. However, the background risk in the U.S. general population of major birth defects is 2-4% and of miscarriage is 15-20% of clinically recognized pregnancies.LactationRisk SummaryThere are no data on the presence of Zevalin or its metabolites in human milk, the effects of Zevalin on the breastfed child, or its effects on milk production. Because human IgG is excreted in human milk, it is expected that Zevalin would be present in human milk. Due to the potential for serious adverse reactions in a breastfeeding child from Zevalin, advise lactating women to avoid breastfeeding during treatment with the Zevalin therapeutic regimen and for 6 months after the last dose.Females And Males Of Reproductive PotentialZevalin may cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman [see Pregnancy].Pregnancy TestingConduct pregnancy testing in females of reproductive potential prior to treatment with Zevalin.ContraceptionFemalesBased on its radioactivity, Y-90 Zevalin may cause fetal harm. Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraceptive methods during treatment and for 12 months after the last dose of the Zevalin therapeutic regimen [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].MalesBased on its radioactivity, Y-90 Zevalin may cause fetal harm. Advise males with female partners of reproductive potential to use effective contraceptive methods during treatment and for 12 months after the final dose of the Zevalin therapeutic regimen [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].InfertilityBased on its radioactivity, there is a potential risk that the Zevalin therapeutic regimen could cause toxic effects on the male and female gonads [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY and Nonclinical Toxicology].Pediatric UseThe safety and effectiveness of Zevalin have not been established in pediatric patients.Geriatric UseOf 349 patients with relapsed/refractory NHL treated with the Zevalin therapeutic regimen in clinical studies, 38% (132 patients) were age 65 years and over, while 12% (41 patients) were age 75 years and over.Of 414 patients enrolled in the FIT study (Zevalin following first-line chemotherapy) 206 patients received Zevalin. Of these patients 14% (29 patients) were 65 years and over, while 2% (4 patients) were 75 years and older. No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between these subjects and younger subjects, but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out. Overdosage & Contraindications OVERDOSESevere cytopenias which may require stem cell support have occurred at doses higher than the recommended maximum total dose of 32 mCi (1184 MBq). CONTRAINDICATIONSNone. Clinical Pharmacology CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGYMechanism Of ActionIbritumomab tiuxetan binds specifically to the CD20 antigen (human B-lymphocyte-restricted differentiation antigen, Bp35). The apparent affinity (K ) of ibritumomab tiuxetan for the CD20 antigen ranges between approximately 14 to 18 nM. The CD20 antigen is expressed on pre-B and mature B lymphocytes and on > 90% of B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (NHL). The CD20 antigen is not shed from the cell surface and does not internalize upon antibody binding.The chelate tiuxetan, which tightly binds Y-90, is covalently linked to ibritumomab. The beta emission from Y-90 induces cellular damage by the formation of free radicals in the target and neighboring cells.Ibritumomab tiuxetan binding was observed in vitro on lymphoid cells of the bone marrow, lymph node, thymus, red and white pulp of the spleen, and lymphoid follicles of the tonsil, as well as lymphoid nodules of other organs such as the large and small intestines.PharmacodynamicsIn clinical studies, administration of the Zevalin therapeutic regimen resulted in sustained depletion of circulating B cells. At four weeks, the median number of circulating B cells was zero (range, 0-1084/mm3). B-cell recovery began at approximately 12 weeks following treatment, and the median level of B cells was within the normal range (32 to 341/mm3) by 9 months after treatment. Median serum levels of IgG and IgA remained within the normal range throughout the period of B-cell depletion. Median IgM serum levels dropped below normal (median 49 mg/dL, range 13-3990 mg/dL) after treatment and recovered to normal values by 6-months post therapy.PharmacokineticsPharmacokinetic and biodistribution studies were performed using In-111 Zevalin (5 mCi [185 MBq] In-111, 1.6 mg ibritumomab tiuxetan). In an early study designed to assess the need for pre-administration of unlabeled antibody, only 18% of known sites of disease were imaged when In-111 Zevalin was administered without unlabeled ibritumomab. When preceded by unlabeled ibritumomab (1.0 mg/kg or 2.5 mg/kg), In-111 Zevalin detected 56% and 92% of known disease sites, respectively. These studies were conducted with a Zevalin therapeutic regimen that included unlabeled ibritumomab.In pharmacokinetic studies of patients receiving the Zevalin therapeutic regimen, the mean effective half-life for Y-90 activity in blood was 30 hours, and the mean area under the fraction of injected activity (FIA) vs. time curve in blood was 39 hours. Over 7 days, a median of 7.2% of the injected activity was excreted in urine. Animal Toxicology And/Or PharmacologyAnimal reproductive toxicology studies of the Zevalin therapeutic regimen have not been conducted. Because the Zevalin therapeutic regimen includes the use of rituximab, also see prescribing information for rituximab. Clinical StudiesRelapsed Or Refractory, Low-Grade Or Follicular LymphomaA study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Zevalin (referred to as Study 106-06) was a single arm study of 54 patients with relapsed follicular lymphoma, who were refractory to rituximab treatment. Patients had a World Health Organization (WHO) Performance Status (PS) 0-2, <25% bone marrow involvement by NHL, no prior bone marrow transplantation, and acceptable hematologic, renal, and hepatic function. Refractoriness to rituximab was defined as failure to achieve a complete or partial response or time-to-disease-progression (TTP) of < 6 months. The main efficacy outcome measure of the study was the overall response rate (ORR) using the International Workshop Response Criteria (IWRC). Other efficacy outcome measures included time-to-disease-progression (TTP) and duration of response (DR). Table 7 summarizes efficacy data from Study 106-06.Another study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Zevalin (referred to as Study 106-04) was a randomized (1:1), open-label, multicenter study comparing the Zevalin therapeutic regimen with rituximab. The trial was conducted in 130 patients with relapsed or refractory low-grade or follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL); no patient had received prior rituximab. Patients had histologically confirmed NHL requiring therapy, a WHO PS 0-2, <25% bone marrow involvement by NHL, no prior bone marrow transplantation, and acceptable hematologic function. Sixty-four patients received the Zevalin therapeutic regimen, and 66 patients received rituximab given as an IV infusion at 375 mg per m2 weekly times 4 doses. The main efficacy outcome measure of the study was ORR using the IWRC. The ORR was significantly higher for patients receiving the Zevalin therapeutic regimen (83% vs. 55%, p<0.001). Time-to-disease-progression was not significantly different between study arms. Table 7 summarizes efficacy data from Study 106-04.Table 7. Summary of Efficacy Data*Study 106-06Study 106-04Zevalin therapeutic regimenN = 54Zevalin therapeutic regimenN = 64RituximabN = 66Overall Response Rate (%)748355Complete Response Rate† (%)153818Median DR‡§ (Months) [Range¶]6.4[0.5-49.9+]14.3[1.8-47.6+]11.5[1.2-49.7+]Median TTP‡# (Months)[[Range¶]6.8[1.1-50.9+]12.1[2.1-49.0+]10.1[0.7-51.3+]* IWRC: International Workshop Response Criteria† CRu and CR: Unconfirmed and confirm complete response‡ Estimated with observed range§ Duration of response: interval from the onset of response to disease progression¶ “+” indicates an ongoing response# Time to Disease Progression: interval from the first infusion to disease progressionA single-arm study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Zevalin (referred to as Study 106-05) was conducted in 30 patients, of whom 27 had relapsed or refractory low-grade, follicular NHL and a platelet count 100,000 to 149,000/mm3. Patients with ≥ 25% lymphomatous marrow involvement, prior myeloablative therapy with stem cell support, prior external beam radiation to > 25% of active marrow or neutrophil count <1,500/mm were ineligible for Study 106-05. All patients received Y-90 Zevalin [0.3 mCi per kg (11.1 MBq per kg)]. Objective, durable clinical responses were observed [89% ORR (95% CI: 70-97%) with a median duration of response of 11.6 months (range: 1.0-42.4+ months)].Follicular, B-Cell NHL Upon Completion Of First-Line ChemotherapyThe FIT (First-line Indolent Trial) study (NCT00185393) was a multi-center, randomized, open-label study conducted in patients with follicular NHL with a partial (PR) or complete response (CR/CRu) upon completion of first-line chemotherapy. Randomization was stratified by center and response to first-line therapy (CR or PR). Key eligibility criteria were <25% bone marrow involvement, no prior external beam radiation or myeloablative therapy, and recovery of platelets to normal levels. Patients were randomized to receive Zevalin (n=208) or no further therapy (n=206). Y-90 Zevalin was administered at least 6 weeks but no more than 12 weeks following the last dose of chemotherapy. The main efficacy outcome measure was progression-free survival (PFS) assessed by study investigators using the International Workshop to Standardize Response Criteria for non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (1999).Among the 414 patients, 49% were male, 99% were Caucasian, 12% were ≥65 years old, 83% had a WHO performance status of 0, and 65% had Stage IV disease. Thirty-nine (9.5%) patients received single agent chlorambucil, 22 (5%) patients received fludarabine or a fludarabine-containing regimen, 294 (71%) patients received cyclophosphamide-containing combination chemotherapy [CHOP (31%); CHOP-like (15%); CVP/COP (26%)] and 59 (14%) patients received rituximabcontaining combination chemotherapy as first-line treatment.Progression-free survival was significantly prolonged among Zevalin-treated patients compared to those receiving no further treatment [median PFS 38 months vs. 18 months; HR 0.46 (95% CI: 0.35, 0.60) p<0.0001 Cox model stratified by response to first-line therapy and initial treatment strategy (immediate vs. watch-andwait)]. The number of patients who died was too small to permit a reliable comparison on survival.The results for PFS are presented in Figure 1 . Medication Guide PATIENT INFORMATIONAdvise patients:To contact a healthcare professional for severe signs and symptoms of infusion reactions.To take premedications as prescribed [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION and WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].To report any signs or symptoms of cytopenias (bleeding, easy bruising, petechiae or purpura, pallor, weakness or fatigue) [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].To avoid medications that interfere with platelet function, except as directed by a healthcare professional [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].To seek prompt medical evaluation for diffuse rash, bullae, or desquamation of the skin or oral mucosa [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].To immediately report symptoms of infection (e.g. pyrexia) [see ADVERSE REACTIONS].That immunization with live viral vaccines is not recommended for 12 months following the Zevalin therapeutic regimen [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].To use effective contraceptive methods during treatment and for a minimum of 12 months following Zevalin therapy [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS], Use In Specific Populations and Nonclinical Toxicology].To discontinue breastfeeding during and for 6 months after the last dose of Zevalin treatment [see Use In Specific Populations].
