Trisenox Generic Name: arsenic trioxide injection Brand Name: Trisenox side effects drug center trisenox (arsenic trioxide injection) drug Related Drugs Arzerra Bendeka Busulfex Campath Daurismo Elitek Elspar Epivir Fludara Fusilev Idhifa Jakafi Kymriah Monjuvi Myleran Mylotarg Oforta Oncaspar Sprycel Synribo Tasigna Vesanoid Xospata Zydelig Health Resources Cancer Leukemia Related Supplements Adenosine Arsenic Coriolus Mushroom Melatonin Saccharomyces Boulardii Transfer Factor Trisenox User Reviews PROFESSIONAL CONSUMER SIDE EFFECTS Contents Drug Description Indications & Dosage Side Effects Drug Interactions Warnings & Precautions Overdosage & Contraindications Clinical Pharmacology Medication Guide Drug Description What is Trisenox and how is it used? Trisenox is a prescription medicine used to treat the symptoms of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia. Trisenox may be used alone or with other medications. Trisenox belongs to a class of drugs called Antineoplastics, Other. It is not known if Trisenox is safe and effective in children younger than 4 years of age. What are the possible side effects of Trisenox? Trisenox may cause serious side effects including: hives, difficulty breathing, swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat, fever, weight gain, weakness, tiredness, swelling in your ankles or feet, little or no urination, cough, pain when you breathe, rapid heart rate, shortness of breath, lightheadedness, fast or pounding heartbeats, fluttering in your chest, sudden dizziness, easy bruising or bleeding, increased thirst, increased urination, dry mouth, fruity breath odor, leg cramps, constipation, irregular heartbeats, fluttering in your chest, numbness or tingling, muscle weakness, and limp feeling Get medical help right away, if you have any of the symptoms listed above. The most common side effects of Trisenox include: stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, cough, sore throat, headache, dizziness, anxiety, trouble sleeping, numbness or tingly feeling, joint or muscle pain, itching, and rash Tell the doctor if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away. These are not all the possible side effects of Trisenox. For more information, ask your doctor or pharmacist. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. WARNING APL DIFFERENTIATION SYNDROME, CARDIAC CONDUCTION ABNORMALITIES, AND ELECTROLYTE MONITORING APL Differentiation Syndrome: Patients with APL treated with TRISENOX have experienced symptoms similar to a syndrome called the retinoic-acid-Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (RAAPL) or APL differentiation syndrome, characterized by fever, dyspnea, weight gain, pulmonary infiltrates and pleural or pericardial effusions, with or without leukocytosis. This syndrome can be fatal. High-dose steroids have been administered at the first suspicion of the APL differentiation syndrome and appear to mitigate signs and symptoms. At the first signs that could suggest the syndrome (unexplained fever, dyspnea and/or weight gain, abnormal chest auscultatory findings or radiographic abnormalities), immediately initiate high-dose steroids (dexamethasone 10 mg intravenously BID) , irrespective of the leukocyte count, and continue for at least 3 days or longer until signs and symptoms have abated. The majority of patients do not require termination of TRISENOX therapy during treatment of the APL differentiation syndrome [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]. Cardiac Conduction Abnormalities : Before initiating therapy, perform a 12-lead ECG, assess serum electrolytes and creatinine, correct preexisting electrolyte abnormalities, and consider discontinuing drugs known to prolong QT interval. Arsenic trioxide can cause QT interval prolongation and complete atrioventricular block. QT prolongation can lead to a torsade de pointes-type ventricular arrhythmia, which can be fatal. The risk of torsade de pointes is related to the extent of QT prolongation, concomitant administration of QT prolonging drugs, a history of torsade de pointes, preexisting QT interval prolongation, congestive heart failure, administration of potassium-wasting diuretics, or other conditions that result in hypokalemia or hypomagnesemia. One patient (also receiving amphotericin B) had torsade de pointes during induction therapy for relapsed APL with arsenic trioxide [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]. DESCRIPTION TRISENOX is a sterile injectable solution of arsenic trioxide. The molecular formula of the drug substance in the solid state is As2 O3, with a molecular weight of 197.8 and has the following structural formula: TRISENOX is available in 10 mL, single-dose vials containing 12 mg of arsenic trioxide. TRISENOX is formulated as a sterile, nonpyrogenic, clear solution of arsenic trioxide in water for injection using sodium hydroxide and dilute hydrochloric acid to adjust to pH 8. TRISENOX is preservative-free. Arsenic trioxide, the active ingredient, is present at a concentration of 2 mg/mL. Inactive ingredients and their respective approximate concentrations are sodium hydroxide (1.2 mg/mL) and hydrochloric acid, which is used to adjust the pH to 7.5 - 8.5. Indications & Dosage INDICATIONSNewly-Diagnosed Low-Risk APLTRISENOX is indicated in combination with tretinoin for treatment of adults with newly-diagnosed low-risk acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) whose APL is characterized by the presence of the t(15;17) translocation or PML/RAR-alpha gene expression.Relapsed Or Refractory APLTRISENOX is indicated for induction of remission and consolidation in patients with APL who are refractory to, or have relapsed from, retinoid and anthracycline chemotherapy, and whose APL is characterized by the presence of the t(15;17) translocation or PML/RAR-alpha gene expression. DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATIONRecommended DosageNewly-Diagnosed Low-Risk Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL)A treatment course for patients with newly-diagnosed low-risk APL consists of 1 induction cycle and 4 consolidation cycles.For the induction cycle, the recommended dose of TRISENOX is 0.15 mg/kg intravenously daily in combination with tretinoin until bone marrow remission and not to exceed 60 days (see Table 1).For the consolidation cycles, the recommended dose of TRISENOX is 0.15 mg/kg intravenously daily 5 days per week during weeks 1-4 of an 8-week cycle for a total of 4 cycles in combination with tretinoin (see Table 1). Omit tretinoin during weeks 5- 6 of the fourth cycle of consolidation.Table 1: Recommended Dose of TRISENOX in Combination with TretinoinInduction (1 cycle)TRISENOX 0.15 mg/kg once daily intravenouslyuntil marrow remission but not to exceed 60 daysTretinoina 22.5 mg/m² twice daily orallyuntil marrow remission but not to exceed 60 daysConsolidation (4 cycles)Week1Week2Week3Week4Week5Week6Week7Week8TRISENOX 0.15 mg/kg once daily intravenouslyDays 1-5Days 1-5Days 1-5Days 1-5----Tretinoina 22.5 mg/m² twice daily orallyDays 1-7Days 1-7--Days b 1-7Daysb 1-7--aRounded to the nearest 10 mg incrementbOmitted during the 4th cycle of consolidationDifferentiation syndrome prophylaxis consisting of prednisone 0.5 mg/kg daily from day 1 until the end of induction therapy with TRISENOX and tretinoin is recommended.Relapsed Or Refractory APLA treatment course including TRISENOX monotherapy for patients with relapsed or refractory APL consists of 1 induction cycle and 1 consolidation cycle [see Clinical Studies].For the induction cycle, the recommended dose of TRISENOX is 0.15 mg/kg intravenously daily until bone marrow remission or up to a maximum of 60 days.For the consolidation cycle, the recommended dose of TRISENOX is 0.15 mg/kg intravenously daily for 25 doses over a period of up to 5 weeks. Begin consolidation 3 to 6 weeks after completion of induction therapy.Dose Modifications For ToxicitiesDuring induction therapy, monitor coagulation studies, blood counts, and chemistries at least 2-3 times per week through recovery. During consolidation, monitor at least weekly. Management of some adverse reactions may require dose interruption, dose reduction, or permanent discontinuation of TRISENOX [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS and ADVERSE REACTIONS]. Table 2 shows the dose modifications for toxicity due to TRISENOX when used alone or in combination with tretinoin.Table 2: Dose Adjustments for Adverse ReactionsAdverse Reaction(s)Dose ModificationDifferentiation syndrome, defined by the presence of 2 or more of the following:Unexplained feverDyspneaPleural and/or pericardial effusionTemporarily withhold TRISENOX. Consider holding tretinoin if symptoms are severe.Treat with dexamethasone 10 mg intravenously every 12 hours until the resolution of signs and symptoms for a minimum of 3 days.Resume treatment when the clinical condition improves and reduce the dose of the withheld drug(s) by 50%.Pulmonary infiltratesRenal failureHypotensionWeight gain greater than 5 kgIncrease the dose of the withheld drug(s) to the recommended dosage after 7 days in the absence of recurrence of symptoms of differentiation syndrome.If symptoms re-appear, decrease TRISENOX and/or tretinoin to the previous dose.Withhold treatment with TRISENOX and any medication known to prolong theQTc Prolongation greater than 450 msec for men or greater than 460 msec for women:QTc interval.Replete electrolytes.After the QTc normalizes, resume treatment with TRISENOX at a 50% reduced dose (0.075 mg/kg once daily) for 7 days.If the 50% reduced dose is tolerated for 7 days (in the absence of QTc prolongation), increase the dose of TRISENOX to 0.11 mg/kg once daily for 7 days.The dose of TRISENOX can be increased to 0.15 mg/kg in the absence of QTc prolongation during that 14-day dose-escalation period.Hepatotoxicity, defined by 1 or more of the following:Total bilirubin (TB) greater than 3 times the upper limit of normal (ULN)Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) greater than 5 times the ULNAlkaline phosphatase (AP) greater than 5 times the ULNWithhold treatment with TRISENOX and/or tretinoin.Resume treatment at a 50% reduced dose of the withheld drug(s) when TB is less than 1.5 times the ULN and AP/AST are less than 3 times the UlN.Increase the dose of the withheld drug(s) back to the recommended dosage after 7 days on the reduced dose in the absence of worsening of hepatotoxicity.Discontinue the withheld drug(s) permanently if hepatotoxicity recurs.Other severe or life-threatening (grade 3-4) nonhematologic reactionsTemporarily withhold TRISENOX and tretinoin.When the adverse reaction resolves to no more than mild (grade 1), resume TRISENOX and tretinoin reduced by 2 dose levels (see Table 3 below).Moderate (grade 2) nonhematologic reactionsReduce the dose of TRISENOX and/or tretinoin by 1 dose level (see Table 3 below).Leukocytosis (WBC count greater than 10 Gi/L)Administer hydroxyurea.Hydroxyurea may be discontinued when the WBC declines below 10 Gi/L.Myelosuppression, defined by 1 or more of the following:absolute neutrophil count less than 1 Gi/Lplatelets less than 50 Gi/L lasting more than 5 weeksConsider reducing the dose of TRISENOX and tretinoin by 1 dose level (see Table 3 below).If myelosuppression lasts ≥ 50 days or occurs on 2 consecutive cycles, assess a marrow aspirate for remission status. In the case of molecular remission, resume TRISENOX and tretinoin at 1 dose level lower (see Table 3 below).Table 3: Dose Reduction Levels for Hematologic and Nonhematologic ToxicitiesDose LevelTRISENOX mg/kg intravenously once dailyTretinoin* mg/m² orally twice dailyStarting level0.1522.5-10.1118.75-20.1012.5-30.07510*Rounded to the nearest 10 mg incrementInstructions For Preparation And Intravenous AdministrationReconstitutionDilute TRISENOX with 100 to 250 mL 5% Dextrose Injection, USP or 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP, using proper aseptic technique, immediately after withdrawal from the vial. Do not save any unused portions for later administration.After dilution, TRISENOX is chemically and physically stable when stored for 24 hours at room temperature and 48 hours when refrigerated.AdministrationParenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit.Administer TRISENOX intravenously over 2 hours. The infusion duration may be extended up to 4 hours if acute vasomotor reactions are observed. A central venous catheter is not required.The TRISENOX vial is single-dose and does not contain any preservatives. Unused portions of each vial should be discarded properly. Do not mix TRISENOX with other medications.Safe Handling ProceduresTRISENOX is a cytotoxic drug. Follow applicable special handling and disposal procedures.1 HOW SUPPLIEDDosage Forms And StrengthsInjection: 12 mg arsenic trioxide in 6 mL clear solution in a single-dose vialTRISENOX (arsenic trioxide) injection is supplied as a sterile, clear, colorless solution in 10 mL glass, single-dose vials.NDC 63459-601-06 12 mg/6 mL (2 mg/mL) vial in packages of ten vials.Storage And HandlingStore at 20° - 25°C (68° - 77°F); excursions permitted to 15° - 30°C (59° - 86°F) (See USP Controlled Room Temperature). Do not freeze.TRISENOX is a cytotoxic drug. Follow applicable special handling and disposal procedures.1REFERENCES1. “Hazardous Drugs”, OSHA. [Accessed on February 12, 2015 from http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/hazardousdrugs/index.html]Distributed by: Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. North Wales, PA 19454. Revised: Sep 2020 Side Effects SIDE EFFECTS The following clinically significant adverse reactions are described elsewhere in the labeling. Differentiation Syndrome [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS] Cardiac Conduction Abnormalities [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS] Encephalopathy [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS] Hepatotoxicity [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS] Carcinogenesis [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS] Embryo-Fetal Toxicity [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS] Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. Newly-Diagnosed Low-Risk APL The safety evaluation of TRISENOX in combination with tretinoin is based on results from a randomized trial comparing TRISENOX plus tretinoin (n=129) versus chemotherapy plus tretinoin (n=137) in patients with newly-diagnosed APL (Study APL0406) [see Clinical Studies]. In the TRISENOX/tretinoin group, 98% of patients completed induction therapy and 89% completed at least three consolidation cycles. In the chemotherapy/tretinoin group, 96% completed induction therapy and 87% patients completed all three courses of consolidation therapy. Fatal adverse reactions were reported in 1 (1%) patient on the TRISENOX/tretinoin arm and 8 (6%) patients on the chemotherapy/tretinoin arm. TRISENOX/tretinoin was discontinued due to toxicity in 1 patient during induction and in 4 patients during the first three consolidation courses, whereas chemotherapy/tretinoin was discontinued due to toxicity in 4 patients during induction and in 6 patients during consolidation. Serious adverse reactions reported in 25% on the TRISENOX/ tretinoin arm and 24% on the chemotherapy/tretinoin arm. The serious adverse reactions reported in ≥ 2% of patients receiving TRISENOX/tretinoin were abnormal liver tests, differentiation syndrome, dyspnea, pneumonia, and other infections. Selected hematologic and nonhematologic toxicities that occurred during induction or consolidation are presented in Table 4 for the 129 patients treated with TRISENOX plus tretinoin and the 137 patients treated with chemotherapy plus tretinoin. Table 4: Selected Adverse Reactions of Trisenox in Combination with Tretinoin in Patients with Newly-Diagnosed APL Adverse Reaction Induction n (%) First Consolidation n (%) Second Consolidation n (%) Third Consolidation n (%) Thrombocytopenia > 15 days (Grade 3-4) TRISENOX/tretinoin 74 (58%) 6 (5%) 6 (5%) 8 (7%) Chemotherapy/tretinoin 120 (88%) 17 (14%) 77 (63%) 26 (22%) Neutropenia >15 days (Grade 3-4) TRISENOX/tretinoin 61 (48%) 8 (7%) 7 (6%) 5 (4%) Chemotherapy/tretinoin 109 (80%) 40 (32%) 90 (73%) 28 (24%) Hepatic toxicity (Grade 3-4) TRISENOX/tretinoin 51 (40%) 5 (4%) 1 (1%) 0 (0%) Chemotherapy/tretinoin 4 (3%) 1 (1%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) Infection and fever of unknown origin TRISENOX/tretinoin 30 (23%) 10 (8%) 4 (3%) 2 (2%) Chemotherapy/tretinoin 75 (55%) 8 (6%) 46 (38%) 2 (2%) Hypertriglyceridemia TRISENOX/tretinoin 29 (22%) 22 (18%) 17 (14%) 16 (14%) Chemotherapy/tretinoin 29 (22%) 19 (15%) 10 (8%) 13 (11%) Hypercholesterolemia TRISENOX/tretinoin 14 (10%) 19 (16%) 19 (16%) 16 (14%) Chemotherapy/tretinoin 12 (9%) 12 (10%) 12 (10%) 11 (9%) QT prolongation TRISENOX/tretinoin 11 (9%) 3 (2%) 3 (2%) 2 (2%) Chemotherapy/tretinoin 1 (1%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) Gastrointestinal toxicity (Grade 3-4) TRISENOX/tretinoin 3 (2%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) Chemotherapy/tretinoin 25 (18%) 1 (1%) 6 (5%) 0 (0%) Neurotoxicity* TRISENOX/tretinoin 1 (1%) 5 (4%) 6 (5%) 7 (6%) Chemotherapy/tretinoin 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) Cardiac function (Grade 3-4) TRISENOX/tretinoin 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) Chemotherapy/tretinoin 5 (4%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) *Mostly cases of reversible peripheral neuropathy Relapsed Or Refractory APL Safety information was available for 52 patients with relapsed or refractory APL who participated in clinical trials of TRISENOX. Forty patients in the Phase 2 study received the recommended dose of 0.15 mg/kg, of whom 28 completed both induction and consolidation treatment cycles. An additional 12 patients with relapsed or refractory APL received doses generally similar to the recommended dose. Most patients experienced some drug-related toxicity, most commonly leukocytosis, gastrointestinal (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain), fatigue, edema, hyperglycemia, dyspnea, cough, rash or itching, headaches, and dizziness. These adverse effects have not been observed to be permanent or irreversible nor do they usually require interruption of therapy. SAEs, Grade ≥3 according to version 2 of the NCI Common Toxicity Criteria, were common. Those SAEs attributed to TRISENOX in the Phase 2 study of 40 patients with refractory or relapsed APL included APL differentiation syndrome (n=3), hyperleukocytosis (n=3), QTc interval ≥ 500 msec (n=16, 1 with torsade de pointes), atrial dysrhythmias (n=2), and hyperglycemia (n=2). Table 5 describes the adverse reactions that were observed in ≥ 5% patients, between the ages of 5-73 years, treated for APL with TRISENOX at the recommended dose. Similar adverse reactions profiles were seen in the other patient populations who received TRISENOX. Table 5: Adverse Reactions (Any Grade) Occurring in ≥ 5% of Patients Treated with TRISENOX Monotherapy for Relapsed or Refractory APL Body System Adverse reaction Any Grade Adverse Reactions Grade ≥3 Adverse Reactions n % n % Gastrointestinal disorders Nausea 30 75 Abdominal pain (lower & upper) 23 58 4 10 Vomiting 23 58 Diarrhea 21 53 Sore throat 14 35 Constipation 11 28 1 3 Anorexia 9 23 Appetite decreased 6 15 Loose stools 4 10 Dyspepsia 4 10 Oral blistering 3 8 Fecal incontinence 3 8 Gastrointestinal hemorrhage 3 8 Dry mouth 3 8 Abdominal tenderness 3 8 Diarrhea hemorrhagic 3 8 Abdominal distension 3 8 Respiratory Cough 26 65 Dyspnea 21 53 4 10 Epistaxis 10 25 Hypoxia 9 23 4 10 Pleural effusion 8 20 1 3 Post nasal drip 5 13 Wheezing 5 13 Decreased breath sounds 4 10 Crepitations 4 10 Rales 4 10 Hemoptysis 3 8 Tachypnea 3 8 Rhonchi 3 8 General disorders and administration site conditions Fatigue 25 63 2 5 Pyrexia (fever) 25 63 2 5 Edema -non-specific 16 40 Rigors 15 38 Chest pain 10 25 2 5 Injection site pain 8 20 Pain -non-specific 6 15 1 3 Injection site erythema 5 13 Weight gain 5 13 Injection site edema 4 10 Weakness 4 10 2 5 Hemorrhage 3 8 Weight loss 3 8 Drug hypersensitivity 2 5 1 3 Nervous system disorders Headache 24 60 1 3 Insomnia 17 43 1 3 Paresthesia 13 33 2 5 Dizziness (excluding vertigo) 9 23 Tremor 5 13 Convulsion 3 8 2 5 Somnolence 3 8 Coma 2 5 2 5 Cardiac disorders Tachycardia 22 55 ECG QT corrected interval prolonged > 500 msec 16 40 Palpitations 4 10 ECG abnormal other than QT interval prolongation 3 8 Metabolism and nutrition disorders Hypokalemia 20 50 5 13 Hypomagnesemia 18 45 5 13 Hyperglycemia 18 45 5 13 ALT increased 8 20 2 5 Hyperkalemia 7 18 2 5 AST increased 5 13 1 3 Hypocalcemia 4 10 Hypoglycemia 3 8 Acidosis 2 5 Hematologic disorders Leukocytosis 20 50 1 3 Anemia 8 20 2 5 Thrombocytopenia 7 18 5 13 Febrile neutropenia 5 13 3 8 Neutropenia 4 10 4 10 Disseminated intravascular coagulation 3 8 3 8 Lymphadenopathy 3 8 Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders Dermatitis 17 43 Pruritus 13 33 1 3 Ecchymosis 8 20 Dry skin 6 15 Erythema -non-specific 5 13 Increased sweating 5 13 Facial edema 3 8 Night sweats 3 8 Petechiae 3 8 Hyperpigmentation 3 8 Non-specific skin lesions 3 8 Urticaria 3 8 Local exfoliation 2 5 Eyelid edema 2 5 Musculoskeletal, connective tissue, and bone disorders Arthralgia 13 33 3 8 Myalgia 10 25 2 5 Bone pain 9 23 4 10 Back pain 7 18 1 3 Neck pain 5 13 Pain in limb 5 13 2 5 Psychiatric disorders Anxiety 12 30 Depression 8 20 Agitation 2 5 Confusion 2 5 Vascular disorders Hypotension 10 25 2 5 Flushing 4 10 Hypertension 4 10 Pallor 4 10 Infections and infestations Sinusitis 8 20 Herpes simplex 5 13 Upper respiratory tract infection 5 13 1 3 Bacterial infection -non-specific 3 8 1 3 Herpes zoster 3 8 Nasopharyngitis 2 5 Oral candidiasis 2 5 Sepsis 2 5 2 5 Reproductive system disorders Vaginal hemorrhage 5 13 Intermenstrual bleeding 3 8 Ocular disorders Eye irritation 4 10 Blurred vision 4 10 Dry eye 3 8 Painful red eye 2 5 Renal and urinary disorders Renal failure 3 8 1 3 Renal impairment 3 8 Oliguria 2 5 Incontinence 2 5 Ear disorders Earache 3 8 Tinnitus 2 5 Leukocytosis TRISENOX in combination with tretinoin can induce proliferation of leukemic promyelocytes resulting in a rapid increase in white blood cell count. Leukocytosis greater than 10 Gi/L developed during induction therapy in 43% patients receiving TRISENOX/tretinoin for newly-diagnosed low-risk APL and in 50% of patients receiving TRISENOX monotherapy for relapsed/refractory APL. In the relapsed/refractory setting, a relationship did not exist between baseline WBC counts and development of hyperleukocytosis nor baseline WBC counts and peak WBC counts. Hyperleukocytosis due to TRISENOX may warrant treatment with hydroxyurea [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION]. Postmarketing Experience The following reactions have been reported from clinical trials and/or worldwide postmarketing surveillance. Because they are voluntarily reported from a population of unknown size, precise estimates of frequency or causal relationship to drug exposure cannot always be made. Cardiac disorders: Ventricular extrasystoles in association with QT prolongation, ventricular tachycardia in association with QT prolongation, including torsade de pointes, atrioventricular block, and congestive heart failure Nervous system disorders: Peripheral neuropathy, paresis, seizures, confusion, encephalopathy, Wernicke’s encephalopathy, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome Hematologic disorders: Pancytopenia, bone marrow necrosis Infections and infestations: Herpes zoster Investigations: Gamma-glutamyltransferase increased Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders: Bone pain, myalgia, rhabdomyolysis Respiratory, thoracic, and mediastinal disorders: Differentiation syndrome, like retinoic acid syndrome, has been reported with the use of TRISENOX for the treatment of malignancies other than APL. Ear and labyrinth disorders: Deafness Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified: Melanoma, pancreatic cancer, squamous cell carcinoma Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: Toxic epidermal necrolysis Drug Interactions DRUG INTERACTIONS Drugs That Can Prolong The QT/QTc Interval Concomitant use of these drugs and TRISENOX may increase the risk of serious QT/QTc interval prolongation. Discontinue or replace with an alternative drug that does not prolong the QT/QTc interval while patient is using TRISENOX. Monitor ECGs more frequently in patients when it is not feasible to avoid concomitant use. Drugs That Can Lead To Electrolyte Abnormalities Electrolyte abnormalities increase the risk of serious QT/QTc interval prolongation. Avoid concomitant administration of drugs that can lead to electrolyte abnormalities. Monitor electrolytes more frequently in patients who must receive concomitant use of these drugs and TRISENOX. Drugs That Can Lead To Hepatotoxicity Concomitant use of these drugs and TRISENOX, particularly when given in combination with tretinoin, may increase the risk of serious hepatotoxicity. Discontinue or replace with an alternative drug that does not cause hepatotoxicity while the patient is using TRISENOX. Monitor liver function tests more frequently in patients when it is not feasible to avoid concomitant use. Warnings & Precautions WARNINGSIncluded as part of the PRECAUTIONS section. PRECAUTIONSDifferentiation SyndromeDifferentiation syndrome, which may be life-threatening or fatal, has been observed in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) treated with TRISENOX. In clinical trials, 16-23% of patients treated with TRISENOX for APL developed differentiation syndrome. Symptoms include unexplained fever, dyspnea, hypoxia, pulmonary infiltrates, pleural or pericardial effusion, weight gain, peripheral edema, hypotension, renal insufficiency, hepatopathy and multi-organ dysfunction. Differentiation syndrome has been observed with and without concomitant hyperleukocytosis, and it has occurred as early as day 1 of induction to as late as the second month induction therapy. When TRISENOX is used in combination with tretinoin, prednisone prophylaxis is advised [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].At the first signs of differentiation syndrome, interrupt treatment with TRISENOX and administer dexamethasone 10 mg intravenously twice daily. Continue high-dose steroids until signs and symptoms have abated for at least 3 days [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].Cardiac Conduction AbnormalitiesPatients treated with TRISENOX can develop QTc prolongation, torsade de pointes, and complete heart block. In the clinical trials of patients with newly-diagnosed low-risk APL treated with TRISENOX in combination with tretinoin, 11% experienced QTc prolongation > 450 msec for men and > 460 msec for women throughout the treatment cycles. In the clinical trial of patients with relapsed or refractory APL treated with TRISENOX monotherapy, 40% had at least one ECG tracing with a QTc interval greater than 500 msec. A prolonged QTc was observed between 1 and 5 weeks after start of TRISENOX infusion, and it usually resolved by 8 weeks after TRISENOX infusion. There are no data on the effect of TRISENOX on the QTc interval during the infusion of the drug.The risk of torsade de pointes is related to the extent of QTc prolongation, concomitant administration of QTc prolonging drugs, a history of torsade de pointes, pre-existing QTc interval prolongation, congestive heart failure, administration of potassium-wasting diuretics, or other conditions that result in hypokalemia or hypomagnesemia. The risk may be increased when TRISENOX is coadministered with medications that can lead to electrolyte abnormalities (such as diuretics or amphotericin B) [see DRUG INTERACTIONS].Prior to initiating therapy with TRISENOX, assess the QTc interval by electrocardiogram, correct pre-existing electrolyte abnormalities, and consider discontinuing drugs known to prolong QTc interval. Do not administer TRISENOX to patients with ventricular arrhythmia or prolonged QTc. If possible, discontinue drugs that are known to prolong the QTc interval. If it is not possible to discontinue the interacting drug, perform cardiac monitoring frequently [see DRUG INTERACTIONS]. During  TRISENOX therapy, maintain potassium concentrations above 4 mEq/L and magnesium concentrations above 1.8 mg/dL. Monitor ECG weekly, and more frequently for clinically unstable patients.For patients who develop a QTc greater than 500 msec, immediately withhold treatment with TRISENOX and any medication known to prolong the QTc interval. Correct electrolyte abnormalities. When the QTc normalizes, resume TRISENOX at a reduced dose [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].EncephalopathySerious encephalopathies were reported in patients receiving TRISENOX. Monitor patients for neurological symptoms such as confusion, decreased level of consciousness, seizures, cognitive deficits, ataxia, visual symptoms and ocular motor dysfunction. Advise patients and caregivers of the need for close observation.Wernicke’s EncephalopathyWernicke’s encephalopathy occurred in patients receiving TRISENOX. Wernicke’s encephalopathy is a neurologic emergency that can be prevented and treated with thiamine. Consider testing thiamine levels in patients at risk for thiamine deficiency (e.g., chronic alcohol use, malabsorption, nutritional deficiency, concomitant use of furosemide). Administer parenteral thiamine in patients with or at risk for thiamine deficiency. Monitor patients for neurological symptoms and nutritional status while receiving TRISENOX. If Wernicke’s encephalopathy is suspected, immediately interrupt TRISENOX and initiate parenteral thiamine.HepatotoxicityIn the clinical trials, 44% of patients with newly-diagnosed low-risk APL treated with TRISENOX in combination with tretinoin experienced elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase, and/or serum bilirubin. These abnormalities resolved with temporary discontinuation of TRISENOX and/or tretinoin. During treatment with TRISENOX, monitor liver chemistries at least 2-3 times per week through recovery from toxicities. Withhold treatment with TRISENOX and/or tretinoin if elevations in AST), alkaline phosphatase, and/or serum bilirubin occur to greater than 5 times the upper limit of normal [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].Long-term liver abnormalities can occur in APL patients treated with TRISENOX in combination with tretinoin. In a published series, mild liver dysfunction and hepatic steatosis were seen in 15% and 43%, respectively, of patients at a median of 7 years (range 0-14 years) after treatment with arsenic trioxide in combination with tretinoin.CarcinogenesisThe active ingredient of TRISENOX, arsenic trioxide, is a human carcinogen. Monitor patients for the development of second primary malignancies.Embryo-Fetal ToxicityTRISENOX can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Arsenic trioxide was embryolethal and teratogenic in rats when administered on gestation day 9 at a dose approximately 10 times the recommended human daily dose on a mg/m² basis. A related trivalent arsenic, sodium arsenite, produced teratogenicity when administered during gestation in mice at a dose approximately 5 times the projected human dose on a mg/m² basis and in hamsters at an intravenous dose approximately equivalent to the projected human daily dose on a mg/m² basis. Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus. Advise females and males of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during and after treatment with TRISENOX [see Use In Specific Populations].Nonclinical ToxicologyCarcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment Of FertilityCarcinogenicity studies have not been conducted with TRISENOX by intravenous administration [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].Arsenic trioxide and trivalent arsenite salts have not been demonstrated to be mutagenic to bacteria, yeast, or mammalian cells. Arsenite salts are clastogenic in vitro (human fibroblast, human lymphocytes, Chinese hamster ovary cells, Chinese hamster V79 lung cells). Trivalent arsenic was genotoxic in the chromosome aberrations assay and micronucleus bone marrow assay in mice.The effect of arsenic on fertility has not been adequately studied in humans. Decreased testicular weight and impaired spermatogenesis have been reported in animal studies. Male Wistar rat pups were administered 1.5 mg/kg sodium arsenite solution via the intraperitoneal route from postnatal days 1 to 14 and testes were collected for evaluation on postnatal days 15, 21, and 50. Results of this study revealed an altered morphology of the seminiferous tubules along with degeneration of spermatogenic cells, increased number of sperm with abnormal morphology, and decreased sperm counts. In beagle dogs administered intravenous arsenic trioxide for 90 days, reduced inner cell layers within seminiferous tubules and significantly decreased numbers of spermatocytes, spermatozoa, and sperm cells were observed at doses of 1 mg/kg/day and higher. The 1 mg/kg/day dose is approximately 3 times the recommended human daily dose on a mg/m² basis. Use In Specific PopulationsPregnancyRisk SummaryBased on the mechanism of action [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY] and findings in animal studies, TRISENOX can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Arsenic trioxide was embryolethal and teratogenic in rats when administered on gestation day 9 at a dose approximately 10 times the recommended human daily dose on a mg/m² basis (see Data). A related trivalent arsenic, sodium arsenite, produced teratogenicity when administered during gestation in mice at a dose approximately 5 times the projected human dose on a mg/m² basis and in hamsters at an intravenous dose approximately equivalent to the projected human daily dose on a mg/m² basis. There are no studies with the use of TRISENOX in pregnant women, and limited published data on arsenic trioxide use during pregnancy are insufficient to inform a drug-associated risk of major birth defects and miscarriage. Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus.The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2-4% and 15-20%, respectively.DataHuman DataOne patient was reported to deliver a live infant with no reported congenital anomalies after receiving arsenic trioxide during the first five months of pregnancy. A second patient became pregnant three months after discontinuing arsenic trioxide and was reported to have a normal pregnancy outcome. A third patient was a pregnant healthcare provider who experienced dermal contact with liquid arsenic trioxide and had a normal pregnancy outcome after treatment and monitoring. A fourth patient who became pregnant while receiving arsenic trioxide had a miscarriage.Animal DataStudies in pregnant mice, rats, hamsters, and primates have shown that inorganic arsenicals cross the placental barrier when given orally or by injection. An increase in resorptions, neural-tube defects, anophthalmia and microphthalmia were observed in rats administered 10 mg/kg of arsenic trioxide on gestation day 9 (approximately 10 times the recommended human daily dose on a mg/m² basis). Similar findings occurred in mice administered a 10 mg/kg dose of a related trivalent arsenic, sodium arsenite (approximately 5 times the projected human dose on a mg/m² basis), on gestation days 6, 7, 8, or 9. Intravenous injection of 2 mg/kg sodium arsenite (approximately equivalent to the projected human daily dose on a mg/m² basis) on gestation day 7 (the lowest dose tested) resulted in neural-tube defects in hamsters.LactationRisk SummaryArsenic trioxide is excreted in human milk. There is no information on the effects of arsenic trioxide on the breastfed child or on milk production. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in a breastfed child from TRISENOX, discontinue breastfeeding during treatment with TRISENOX and for two weeks after the final dose.Females And Males Of Reproductive PotentialPregnancy TestingTRISENOX can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Conduct pregnancy testing in females of reproductive potential prior to initiation of treatment with TRISENOX [see Use In Specific Populations].ContraceptionFemalesAdvise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during and after treatment with TRISENOX and for six months after the final dose.MalesAdvise males with female sexual partners of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during and after treatment with TRISENOX and for three months after the final dose.InfertilityMalesBased on testicular toxicities including decreased testicular weight and impaired spermatogenesis observed in animal studies, TRISENOX may impair fertility in males of reproductive potential [see Nonclinical Toxicology].Pediatric UseThe safety and efficacy of TRISENOX in combination with tretinoin in pediatric patients has not been established.The safety and efficacy of TRISENOX as a single agent for treatment of pediatric patients with relapsed or refractory APL is supported by the pivotal phase 2 study in 40 patients with relapsed or refractory APL. Five patients below the age of 18 years (age range: 5 to 16 years) were treated with TRISENOX at the recommended dose of 0.15 mg/kg/day. A literature review included an additional 17 patients treated with arsenic trioxide for relapsed or refractory APL, with ages ranging from 4 to 21 years. No differences in efficacy and safety were observed by age.Geriatric UseUse of TRISENOX in combination with tretinoin in newly-diagnosed adult patients with low-risk APL is supported by a randomized, controlled trial that included 16 patients between the ages of 60 and 70 years. No differences in efficacy and safety were observed by age. A literature review included an additional 77 patients treated with arsenic trioxide in combination with tretinoin as part of induction and consolidation therapy for low and high risk APL, with ages ranging from 60 to 84 years. These studies showed lower survival rates in older patients. Monitor elderly patients frequently during treatment with TRISENOX.The safety and efficacy of TRISENOX as a single agent in older patients with relapsed or refractory APL is supported by the pivotal phase 2 study in 40 patients with relapsed or refractory APL. Six patients age 65 and above (age range: 65 to 73 years) were treated with TRISENOX at the recommended dose. A literature review included an additional 4 patients treated with arsenic trioxide for relapsed or refractory APL with ages ranging from 69 to 72 years. No differences in efficacy and safety were observed by age.Patients With Renal ImpairmentExposure of arsenic trioxide may be higher in patients with severe renal impairment [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY]. Patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance less than 30 mL/min) should be monitored for toxicity when these patients are treated with TRISENOX, and a dose reduction may be warranted.The use of TRISENOX in patients on dialysis has not been studied.Patients With Hepatic ImpairmentSince limited data are available across all hepatic impairment groups, caution is advised in the use of TRISENOX in patients with hepatic impairment [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY]. Monitor patients with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class C) who are treated with TRISENOX for toxicity. Overdosage & Contraindications OVERDOSEManifestationsManifestations of TRISENOX (arsenic trioxide) overdosage include convulsions, muscle weakness, and confusion.ManagementIf symptoms of TRISENOX (arsenic trioxide) overdosage develop, the injection should be immediately discontinued and chelation therapy should be considered.A conventional protocol for acute arsenic intoxication includes dimercaprol administered at a dose of 3 mg/kg intramuscularly every 4 hours until immediate life-threatening toxicity has subsided. Thereafter, penicillamine at a dose of 250 mg orally, up to a maximum frequency of four times per day (≤ 1 g per day), may be given. CONTRAINDICATIONSTRISENOX is contraindicated in patients who are hypersensitive to arsenic. Clinical Pharmacology CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGYMechanism Of ActionThe mechanism of action of TRISENOX is not completely understood. Arsenic trioxide causes morphological changes and DNA fragmentation characteristic of apoptosis in NB4 human promyelocytic leukemia cells in vitro. Arsenic trioxide also causes damage or degradation of the fusion protein promyelocytic leukemia (PML)-retinoic acid receptor (RAR)-alpha.PharmacodynamicsCardiac ElectrophysiologyA dedicated QTc study was not performed with TRISENOX. However, in a single-arm trial of TRISENOX (0.15 mg/kg daily), 16 of 40 patients (40%) had a QTc interval greater than 500 msec. Prolongation of the QTc was observed between 1 and 5 weeks after TRISENOX infusion, and then returned towards baseline by the end of 8 weeks after TRISENOX infusion.PharmacokineticsThe inorganic, lyophilized form of arsenic trioxide, when placed into solution, immediately forms the hydrolysis product arsenious acid (AsIII). AsIII is the pharmacologically active species of arsenic trioxide. Monomethylarsonic acid (MMAV), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAV) are the main pentavalent metabolites formed during metabolism, in addition to arsenic acid (AsV) a product of AsIII oxidation. The pharmacokinetics of arsenical species ([AsIII], [AsV], [MMAV], [DMAV]) were determined in 6 APL patients following once-daily doses of 0.15 mg/kg for 5 days per week. Over the total single-dose range of 7 to 32 mg (administered as 0.15 mg/kg), systemic exposure (AUC) appears to be linear. Peak plasma concentrations of arsenious acid (AsIII), the primary active arsenical species were reached at the end of infusion (2 hours). Plasma concentration of As declined in a biphasic manner with a mean elimination half-life of 10 to 14 hours and is characterized by an initial rapid distribution phase followed by a slower terminal elimination phase. The daily exposure to AsIII (mean AUC0-24) was 194 ng·hr/mL (n=5) on Day 1 of Cycle 1 and 332 ng·hr/mL (n=6) on Day 25 of Cycle 1, which represents an approximate 2-fold accumulation. The primary pentavalent metabolites, MMAV and DMAV, are slow to appear in plasma (approximately 10-24 hours after first administration of arsenic trioxide), but, due to their longer half-life, accumulate more upon multiple dosing than does AsIII. The mean estimated terminal elimination half-lives of the metabolites MMAV and DMAV are 32 hours and 72 hours, respectively. Approximate accumulation ranged from 1.4- to 8-fold following multiple dosing as compared to single-dose administration. AsV is present in plasma only at relatively low levels.DistributionThe volume of distribution (Vss) for AsIII is large (mean 562 L, N=10) indicating that AsIII is widely distributed throughout body tissues. Vss is also dependent on body weight and increases as body weight increases.EliminationMetabolismMuch of the AsIII is distributed to the tissues where it is methylated to the less cytotoxic metabolites, monomethylarsonic acid (MMAV) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAV) by methyltransferases primarily in the liver. The metabolism of arsenic trioxide also involves oxidation of AsIII to AsV, which may occur in numerous tissues via enzymatic or nonenzymatic processes. AsV is present in plasma only at relatively low levels following administration of arsenic trioxide.ExcretionApproximately 15% of the administered TRISENOX dose is excreted in the urine as unchanged AsIII. The methylated metabolites of AsIII (MMAV, DMAV) are primarily excreted in the urine. The total clearance of AsIII is 49 L/h and the renal clearance is 9 L/h. Clearance is not dependent on body weight or dose administered over the range of 7-32 mg.Specific PopulationsPatients With Renal ImpairmentThe effect of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics of AsIII, AsV, and the pentavalent metabolites MMAV and DMAV was evaluated in 20 patients with advanced malignancies. Patients were classified as having normal renal function (creatinine clearance [CrCl] > 80 mL/min, n=6), mild renal impairment (CrCl 50-80 mL/min, n=5), moderate renal impairment (CrCl 30-49 mL/min, n=6), or severe renal impairment (CrCl < 30 mL/min, n=3). Following twice-weekly administration of 0.15 mg/kg over a 2-hour infusion, the mean AUC0-∞ for AsIII was comparable among the normal, mild and moderate renal impairment groups. However, in the severe renal impairment group, the mean AUC0-∞ for AsIII was approximately 48% higher than that in the normal group.Systemic exposure to MMAV and DMAV tended to be larger in patients with renal impairment; however, the clinical consequences of this increased exposure are not known. AsV plasma levels were generally below the limit of assay quantitation in patients with impaired renal function [see Use In Specific Populations]. The use of arsenic trioxide in patients on dialysis has not been studied.Patients With Hepatic ImpairmentThe effect of pharmacokinetics of AsIII, AsV, and the pentavalent metabolites MMAV and DMAV was evaluated following administration of 0.25-0.50 mg/kg of arsenic trioxide in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Patients were classified as having normal hepatic function (n=4), mild hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh class A, n=12), moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh class B, n=3), or severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh class C, n=1). No clear trend toward an increase in systemic exposure to AsIII , AsV, MMAV or DMAV was observed with decreasing level of hepatic function as assessed by dose-normalized (per mg dose) AUC in the mild and moderate hepatic impairment groups. However, the one patient with severe hepatic impairment had mean dose-normalized AUC0-24 and Cmax values 40% and 70% higher, respectively, than those patients with normal hepatic function. The mean dose-normalized trough plasma levels for both MMAV and DMAV in this severely hepatically impaired patient were 2.2-fold and 4.7-fold higher, respectively, than those in the patients with normal hepatic function [see Use In Specific Populations].Pediatric PatientsFollowing IV administration of 0.15 mg/kg/day of arsenic trioxide in 10 APL patients (median age = 13.5 years, range 4-20 years), the daily exposure to AsIII (mean AUC0-24h) was 317 ng·hr/mL on Day 1 of Cycle 1 [see Use In Specific Populations].Drug Interaction StudiesNo formal assessments of pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions between TRISENOX and other drugs have been conducted. The methyltransferases responsible for metabolizing arsenic trioxide are not members of the cytochrome P450 family of isoenzymes. In vitro incubation of arsenic trioxide with human liver microsomes showed no inhibitory activity on substrates of the major cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes such as 1A2, 2A6, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, 3A4/5, and 4A9/11. The pharmacokinetics of drugs that are substrates for these CYP enzymes are not expected to be affected by concomitant treatment with arsenic trioxide. Clinical StudiesNewly-Diagnosed Low-Risk APLTRISENOX in combination with tretinoin was investigated in Study APL0406 (NCT00482833), a multicenter, randomized, openlabel trial in patients with newly-diagnosed low-risk APL (white blood cell count at diagnosis ≤10 Gi/L). The patients were randomized 1:1 to receive TRISENOX/tretinoin for induction and consolidation or chemotherapy/tretinoin for induction, consolidation, and maintenance.Patients in the TRISENOX/tretinoin group received induction treatment with TRISENOX 0.15 mg/kg intravenously once daily in combination with tretinoin 22.5 mg/m² (rounded to the nearest 10 mg increment) orally twice daily until hematologic complete remission (CR) or for a maximum of 60 days. Patients in this group who achieved a CR during induction received four 8-week cycles of consolidation treatment with TRISENOX 0.15 mg/kg intravenously once daily for 5 days every week during weeks 1-4 of the 8-week cycle, in combination with tretinoin 22.5 mg/m (rounded to the nearest 10 mg increment) orally twice daily during weeks 1-2 and 5-6 of the 8-week cycle. Tretinoin was omitted during weeks 5-6 of the last cycle.Patients in the chemotherapy/tretinoin group received idarubicin 12 mg/m² intravenously once daily on days 2, 4, 6, and 8 in combination with tretinoin 22.5 mg/m² (rounded to the nearest 10 mg increment) orally twice daily, starting on day 1, until hematologic CR or for a maximum of 60 days. Patients in this group who achieved a CR during induction received consolidation and maintenance treatment with tretinoin in combination with chemotherapy.The trial enrolled 162 patients with a morphologic diagnosis of APL. The median age of patients was 45 years in the TRISENOX/tretinoin arm and 47 years in the chemotherapy/tretinoin arm, and 52% and 46% were male in the TRISENOX/tretinoin and chemotherapy/tretinoin arms, respectively. Baseline characteristics were balanced between treatment arms, including median WBC count, platelet count, PML-RARA isoform, and FLT3-ITD status.Efficacy was based on event-free survival (EFS) rate at 2 years. EFS was defined as the time from randomization to the occurrence of treatment failure, defined as no achievement of CR or CRi after induction therapy, no achievement of molecular remission after 3 consolidation courses, molecular relapse, hematologic relapse, or death. The primary analysis of EFS was based on the difference between the two treatment arms in patients achieving EFS at 2 years. With a median follow-up of 34.4 months, the 2 year EFS rate of the modified ITT (mITT) population (patients who received at least one dose of the assigned treatment) was 94% in the TRISENOX/tretinoin arm (n=77) versus 82% in the chemotherapy/tretinoin arm (n=79), a treatment difference of 11% (95% CI: 1, 22; p-value 0.048). Overall survival (OS) for the mITT population was 99% (95% CI: 93, 100) in the TRISENOX/tretinoin arm versus 91% (95% CI: 86, 97) in the chemotherapy/tretinoin arm. The difference in 2-year OS rate between the arms was 8% (95% CI: 0, 16).Figure 1: Event-Free Survival for Newly-Diagnosed APLThe number of patients in the plot is based on the mITT population.Relapsed Or Refractory APLTRISENOX has been investigated in Study PLRXAS01, an open-label, single-arm trial in 40 relapsed or refractory APL patients, previously treated with an anthracycline and a retinoid regimen. Patients received TRISENOX 0.15 mg/kg/day intravenously over 1 to 2 hours until the bone marrow was cleared of leukemic cells or up to a maximum of 60 days. The CR (absence of visible leukemic cells in bone marrow and peripheral recovery of platelets and white blood cells with a confirmatory bone marrow ≥ 30 days later) rate in this population of previously treated patients was 28 of 40 (70%). Among the 22 patients who had relapsed less than one year after treatment with tretinoin, there were 18 complete responders (82%). Of the 18 patients receiving TRISENOX ≥ one year from tretinoin treatment, there were 10 complete responders (55%). The median time to bone marrow remission was 44 days and to onset of CR was 53 days. Three of 5 children, 5 years or older, achieved CR. No children less than 5 years old were treated.Three to six weeks following bone marrow remission, 31 patients received consolidation therapy with TRISENOX, at the same dose, for 25 additional days over a period up to 5 weeks. In follow-up treatment, 18 patients received further TRISENOX as a maintenance course. Fifteen patients had bone marrow transplants. At last follow-up, 27 of 40 patients were alive with a median follow-up time of 484 days (range 280 to 755) and 23 of 40 patients remained in complete response with a median follow-up time of 483 days (range 280 to 755).Cytogenetic conversion to no detection of the APL chromosome rearrangement was observed in 24 of 28 (86%) patients who met the response criteria defined above, in 5 of 5 (100%) patients who met some, but not all, of the response criteria, and 3 of 7 (43%) of patients who did not respond. RT-PCR conversions to no detection of the APL gene rearrangement were demonstrated in 22 of 28 (79%) of patients who met the response criteria, in 3 of 5 (60%) of patients who met some, but not all, of the response criteria, and in 2 of 7 (29%) of patients who did not respond.Responses were seen across all age groups tested, ranging from 6 to 72 years. The ability to achieve a CR was similar for both genders. There were insufficient patients of Black, Hispanic, or Asian derivation to estimate relative response rates in these groups, but responses were seen in members of each group. Medication Guide PATIENT INFORMATIONDifferentiation SyndromeAdvise patients that symptoms of APL differentiation syndrome include fever, sudden weight gain, dizziness/lightheadedness, labored breathing, and accumulation of fluid in the lungs, heart, and chest. This syndrome is managed by immediate treatment with high-dose corticosteroids. Advise patients to immediately report any of these symptoms.ECG Abnormalities - QT ProlongationAdvise patients that TRISENOX may cause ECG abnormalities, including QT prolongation. QT prolongation is an increase in the time it takes the heart to relax between beats. If extreme, this prolongation has the potential to cause fainting, irregular heartbeat, or more serious side effects. Advise patients to immediately report any of these symptoms. Advise patients to provide a complete list of current medications as caution should be taken when TRISENOX is coadministered with other medications that can cause QT prolongation or lead to electrolyte abnormalities.Encephalopathy And Wernicke's Encephalopathy (WE)Advise patients that symptoms of encephalopathies include neurological symptoms such as confusion, decreased level of consciousness, seizures, cognitive deficits, ataxia, visual symptoms and ocular motor dysfunction. Advise patients and caregivers to closely monitor for neurological symptoms and immediately report them to their healthcare provider.Advise patients at risk for thiamine deficiency (e.g., chronic alcohol use, malabsorption, nutritional deficiency, concomitant use of furosemide) that Wernicke's encephalopathy is a neurologic emergency that can be prevented and treated with thiamine supplementation, and to immediately report any neurological symptoms to their healthcare provider.Other Side EffectsAdvise patients of the expected adverse reactions of TRISENOX. Most patients in clinical trials experienced some drug-related toxicity, most commonly leukocytosis, gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain), fatigue, edema, hyperglycemia, dyspnea, cough, rash or itching, headaches, and dizziness. These adverse reactions have not been observed to be permanent or irreversible, nor do they usually require interruption of therapy. Advise patients to call their physician at the onset of any treatment-related adverse reactions.Embryo-Fetal ToxicityAdvise females of reproductive potential of the potential risk to a fetus and to inform their healthcare provider with a known or suspected pregnancy [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS and Use In Specific Populations].Advise females and males of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with TRISENOX. Advise females to use effective contraception for six months and males to use effective contraception for three months after completing treatment with TRISENOX [see Use In Specific Populations].Potential Effect On Male FertilityAdvise male patients of the potential risk to future fertility following treatment with TRISENOX, as decreased testicular weight and impaired spermatogenesis have been reported in animal studies.LactationAdvise females to discontinue breastfeeding during treatment with TRISENOX and for two weeks after treatment with TRISENOX [see Use In Specific Populations].
