Maxidex Suspension

Drug Description

What is Maxidex and how is it used?

Maxidex (dexamethasone ophthalmic suspension) 0.1% Suspension is an adrenocortical steroid used for:

steroid responsive inflammatory conditions of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva,
cornea,
and anterior segment of the globe such as allergic conjunctivitis,
acne rosacea,
superficial punctate keratitis,
herpes zoster keratitis,
iritis,
cyclitis,
selected infective conjunctivitides when the inherent hazard of steroid use is accepted to obtain an advisable diminution in edema and inflammation;
corneal injury from chemical,
radiation,
or thermal burns,
or penetration of foreign bodies.

What are side effects of Maxidex?

Common side effects of Maxidex include:

glaucoma with optic nerve damage,
vision problems,
cataracts,
secondary eye infection following suppression of host response,
and perforation of the outer membranes of the eye.

DESCRIPTION

MAXIDEX^® (dexamethasone ophthalmic suspension) 0.1% is an adrenocortical steroid prepared as a sterile topical ophthalmic suspension. The active ingredient is represented by the chemical structure:

MAXIDEX® (dexamethasone) Structural Formula Illustration

Chemical name: Pregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione,9-fluoro-11,17,21-trihydroxy-16methyl-,(11β,16α)-.

Each mL contains: Active: dexamethasone 0.1%. Preservative: benzalkonium chloride 0.01%. Vehicle: hypromellose 0.5%. Inactives: sodium chloride, dibasic sodium phosphate, polysorbate 80, edetate disodium, citric acid and/or sodium hydroxide (to adjust pH), purified water.

Indications & Dosage

INDICATIONS

Steroid responsive inflammatory conditions of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea, and anterior segment of the globe such as allergic conjunctivitis, acne rosacea, superficial punctate keratitis, herpes zoster keratitis, iritis, cyclitis, selected infective conjunctivitides when the inherent hazard of steroid use is accepted to obtain an advisable diminution in edema and inflammation; corneal injury from chemical, radiation, or thermal burns, or penetration of foreign bodies.

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

SHAKE WELL BEFORE USING. One or two drops topically in the conjunctival sac(s). In severe disease, drops may be used hourly, being tapered to discontinuation as the inflammation subsides. In mild disease, drops may be used up to four to six times daily.

HOW SUPPLIED

MAXIDEX^® (dexamethasone ophthalmic suspension) in plastic DROP-TAINER^® dispensers:

5 mL - NDC 0998-0615-05

Storage

Store upright at 8°C to 27°C (46°F to 80°F).

Distributed by: ALCON LABORATORIES, INC. Fort Worth, Texas 76134 USA. Revised: May 2021

Side Effects & Drug Interactions

SIDE EFFECTS

Glaucoma with optic nerve damage, visual acuity and field defects; cataract formation; secondary ocular infection following suppression of host response; and perforation of the globe may occur.

Clinical Studies Experience

In clinical studies with MAXIDEX, the most frequently reports adverse reactions were ocular discomfort occurring in approximately 10% of the patients and eye irritation occurring in approximately 1% of the patients. All other adverse reactions from these studies occurred with a frequency less than 1% including keratitis, conjunctivitis, dry eye, photophobia, blurred vision, eye pruritis, foreign body sensation, increased lacrimation, abnormal ocular sensation, eyelid margin crusting, and ocular hyperemia.

Postmarketing Experience

Additional adverse reactions identified from post-marketing use include corneal erosion, dizziness, eye pain, eyelid ptosis, headache, hypersensitivity reactions, and mydriasis. Frequencies cannot be estimated
from the available data.

The following additional adverse reactions have been reported with dexamethasone use: Cushing’s syndrome and adrenal suppression may occur after use of dexamethasone in excess of the listed dosing instructions in predisposed patients, including children and patients treated with CYP3A4 inhibitors

DRUG INTERACTIONS

No Information Provided

Warnings

WARNINGS

Prolonged use may result in ocular hypertension and/or glaucoma, with damage to the optic nerve, defects in visual acuity and fields of vision, and posterior subcapsular cataract formation. Prolonged use may suppress the host response and thus increase the hazard of secondary ocular infections. In acute purulent conditions or parasitic infections of the eye, corticosteroids may mask infection or enhance existing infection. In those diseases causing thinning of the cornea or sclera, perforations have been known to occur with the use of topical corticosteroids. If these products are used for 10 days or longer, intraocular pressure (IOP) should be routinely monitored even though it may be difficult in children and uncooperative patients.

Employment of corticosteroid medication in the treatment of herpes simplex other than epithelial herpes simplex keratitis, in which it is contraindicated, requires great caution; periodic slit-lamp microscopy is essential.

Precautions

PRECAUTIONS

General

FOR TOPICAL OPHTHALMIC USE. The possibility of persistent fungal infections of the cornea should be considered after prolonged corticosteroid dosing.

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment Of Fertility

Long-term animal studies have not been performed to evaluate the carcinogenic potential or the effect on fertility of MAXIDEX® (dexamethasone ophthalmic suspension) 0.1%.

Pregnancy

Dexamethasone has been shown to be teratogenic in mice and rabbits following topical ophthalmic application in multiples of the therapeutic dose. In the mouse, corticosteroids produce fetal resorptions and a specific abnormality, cleft palate. In the rabbit, corticosteroids have produced fetal resorptions and multiple abnormalities involving the head, ears, limbs, palate, etc.

MAXIDEX® (dexamethasone ophthalmic suspension) 0.1% should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit to the mother justifies the potential risk to the embryo or fetus. There are no adequate or well-controlled studies in pregnant women. However, prolonged or repeated corticoid use during pregnancy has been associated with an increased risk of intra-uterine growth retardation. Infants born of mothers who have received substantial doses of corticosteroids during pregnancy should be observed carefully for signs of hypoadrenalism

Nursing Mothers

Systemically administered corticosteroids appear in human milk and could suppress growth, interfere with endogenous corticosteroid production, or cause other untoward effects. It is not known whether topical administration of corticosteroids could result in sufficient systemic absorption to produce detectable quantities in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when MAXIDEX® (dexamethasone ophthalmic suspension) 0.1% is administered to a nursing woman.

Pediatric Use

The safety and effectiveness of MAXIDEX have been established in the pediatric patients. Use of MAXIDEX in all pediatric age groups is supported by evidence from adequate and well-controlled studies of MAXIDEX in adults with safety data from additional adequate and well controlled trials in pediatric patients.

Geriatric Use

No overall differences in safety or effectiveness have been observed between elderly and younger patients.

Overdosage & Contraindications

OVERDOSE

No Information Provided

CONTRAINDICATIONS

Contraindicated in acute, untreated bacterial infections; mycobacterial ocular infections; epithelial herpes simplex (dendritic keratitis); vaccinia, varicella, and most other viral diseases of the cornea and conjunctiva; fungal disease of ocular structures; and in those persons who have shown hypersensitivity to any component of this preparation.

Clinical Pharmacology

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

Dexamethasone suppresses the inflammatory response to a variety of agents and it probably delays or slows healing.

Medication Guide

PATIENT INFORMATION

Do not touch dropper tip to any surface, as this may contaminate the contents. The preservative in MAXIDEX® (dexamethasone ophthalmic suspension) 0.1%, benzalkonium chloride, may be absorbed by soft contact lenses. MAXIDEX® (dexamethasone ophthalmic suspension) 0.1% should not be administered while wearing soft contact lenses

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