Flucelvax Quadrivalent 2016-2017 Formula
- Generic Name: influenza vaccine
- Brand Name: Flucelvax Quadrivalent 2016-2017 Formula
side effects drug center flucelvax quadrivalent 2016-2017 formula (influenza vaccine) drug
Drug Description
FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT
(Influenza Vaccine) for
Intramuscular Injection
DESCRIPTION
FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT (Influenza Vaccine), a vaccine for intramuscular injection, is a subunit influenza vaccine prepared from virus propagated in Madin Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells, a continuous cell line. These cells were adapted to grow freely in suspension in culture medium. The virus is inactivated with ß-propiolactone, disrupted by the detergent cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and purified through several process steps. Each of the 4 virus strains is produced and purified separately then pooled to formulate the quadrivalent vaccine.
FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT is a sterile, slightly opalescent suspension in phosphate buffered saline. FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT is standardized according to United States Public Health Service requirements for the 2016-2017 influenza season and is formulated to contain a total of 60 micrograms (mcg) hemagglutinin (HA) per 0.5 mL dose in the recommended ratio of 15 mcg HA of each of the following four influenza strains: A/Brisbane/10/2010 (H1N1) (an A/California/7/2009-like virus); A/Hong Kong/4801/2014 (H3N2); B/Utah/9/14 (a B/Phuket/3073/2013-like virus); B/Hong Kong/259/2010 (a B/Brisbane/60/08-like virus). Each dose of FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT may contain residual amounts of MDCK cell protein ( ≤ 8.4 mcg), protein other than HA ( ≤ 160 mcg), MDCK cell DNA ( ≤ 10 ng), polysorbate 80 ( ≤ 1500 mcg), cetyltrimethlyammonium bromide ( ≤ 18 mcg), and β-propiolactone ( < 0.5 mcg), which are used in the manufacturing process.
FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT contains no preservative or antibiotics. The tip caps and plungers of the prefilled syringes are not made with natural rubber latex.
Indications
FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT is an inactivated vaccine indicated for active immunization for the prevention of influenza disease caused by influenza virus subtypes A and type B contained in the vaccine. FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT is approved for use in persons 4 years of age and older. For children and adolescents 4 through 17 years of age, approval is based on the immune response elicited by FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT. Data demonstrating a decrease in influenza disease after vaccination of this age group with FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT are not available. [see Clinical Studies]
Dosage
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
For intramuscular injection only.
Dosage And Schedule
Administer FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT as a single 0.5 mL intramuscular injection preferably in the region of the deltoid muscle of the upper arm. Do not inject the vaccine in the gluteal region or areas where there may be a major nerve trunk.
Table 1: Dosage and Schedule
| Age | Dose | Schedule |
| 4 through 8 years of age | One or two doses,1 0.5 mL each | If 2 doses, administer at least 4 weeks apart |
| 9 years of age and older | One dose, 0.5 mL | Not Applicable |
| 1 1 or 2 doses depends on vaccination history as per Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices annual recommendations on prevention and control of influenza with vaccines. | ||
Administration
Shake the syringe vigorously before administering. Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration whenever solution and container permit. [see DESCRIPTION] If either condition exists, do not administer the vaccine. Do not use the vaccine if the contents have been frozen.
Attach a sterile needle to the pre-filled syringe and administer intramuscularly only. Do not administer this product intravenously, intradermally or subcutaneously.
HOW SUPPLIED
Dosage Forms And Strengths
FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT is a suspension for injection supplied in a 0.5 mL single-dose pre-filled Luer Lock syringe.
Storage And Handling
FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT is supplied in a carton containing ten 0.5 mL single-dose syringes without needles:
Carton NDC number: 70461-200-01
Pre-filled syringe NDC number: 70461-200-11
Store this product refrigerated at 2°C to 8°C (36°F to 46°F). Do not freeze. Protect from light. Do not use after the expiration date.
Manufactured by: Seqirus, Inc. 475 Green Oaks Parkway, Holly Springs, North Carolina (NC) 27540, United States (USA) 1-919-577-5000. Revised: May 2016.
Side Effects & Drug Interactions
SIDE EFFECTS
Clinical Trials Experience
The most common ( ≥ 10%) local and systemic reactions in adults 18-64 years of age were injection site pain (45.4%) headache (18.7%), fatigue (17.8%) and myalgia (15.4%), injection site erythema (13.4%), and induration (11.6%).
The most common ( ≥ 10%) local and systemic reactions in adults ≥ 65 years of age were injection site pain (21.6%), and injection site erythema (11.9%). The most common ( ≥ 10%) local and systemic reactions in children 4 to < 6 years of age after first dose of vaccine were tenderness at the injection site (46%), injection site erythema (18%), sleepiness (19%), irritability (16%), injection site induration (13%) and change in eating habits (10%).
The most common ( ≥ 10%) local and systemic reactions in children 6 through 8 years of age after first dose of vaccine were pain at the injection site (54%), injection site erythema (22%), injection site induration (16%), headache (14%), fatigue (13%) and myalgia (12%).
The most common ( ≥ 10%) local and systemic reactions in children and adolescents 9 through 17 years of age were pain at the injection site (58%), headache (22%), injection site erythema (19%), fatigue (18%), myalgia (16%), and injection site induration (15%).
Because clinical studies are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical studies of a vaccine cannot be directly compared to rates in clinical studies of another vaccine, and may not reflect rates observed in clinical practice.
Adults 18 Years Of Age And Older
The safety of FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT in adults was evaluated in a randomized, double-blind, controlled study conducted in the US (Study 1). The safety population included a total of 2680 adults 18 years of age and older; 1340 adults 18 through 64 years of age and 1340 adults 65 years of age and older.
In this study, subjects received FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT or one of the two formulations of comparator trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV1c and TIV2c) (FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT (n=1335), TIV1c, n=676 or TIV2c n= 669). The mean age of subjects who received FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT was 57.4 years of age; 54.8% of subjects were female and 75.6% were Caucasian, 13.4% were Black, 9.1% were Hispanics, 0.7% were American Indian and 0.3%, 0.1% and 0.7% were Asian, Native Hawaiian and others, respectively. The safety data observed are summarized in Table 2.
In this study, solicited local injection site and systemic adverse reactions were collected from subjects who completed a symptom diary card for 7 days following vaccination.
Solicited adverse reactions for FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT and comparator are summarized in Table 2.
Table 2: Incidence of Solicited Adverse Reactions in
the Safety Population1 Reported Within 7 Days of Vaccination (Study 1)
| 18 through 64 years of age | ≥ 65 years of age | |||||
| Percentages (%)2 | ||||||
| FLUCELVAX | Trivalent Influenza Vaccine | FLU- CELVAX | Trivalent Influenza Vaccine | |||
| VALENT N=663 |
TIVIc N=330 |
TIV2c N=327 |
RIVA- LENT N=656 | TIV1c N=340 |
TIV2c N=336 |
|
| Local Adverse Reactions | ||||||
| Injection site induration | 11.6 (0) | 9.7 (0.3) | 10.4 (0) | 8.7 (0) | 6.8 (0) | 7.7(0) |
| Injection site erythema | 13.4 (0) | 13.3 (0) | 10.1 (0) | 11.9 (0) | 10.6 (0) | 10.4 (0) |
| Injection site ecchymosis | 3.8 (0) | 3.3 (0.3) | 5.2 (0) | 4.7 (0) | 4.4 (0) | 5.4 (0) |
| Injection site pain | 45.4 (0.5) | 37.0 (0.3) | 40.7 (0) | 21.6 (0) | 18.8 (0) | 18.5 (0) |
| Systemic Adverse Reactions | ||||||
| Chills | 6.2 (0.2) | 6.4 (0.6) | 6.4 (0) | 4.4 (0.3) | 4.1 (0.3) | 4.5 (0.6) |
| Nausea | 9.7 (0.3) | 7.3 (0.9) | 8.9 (1.2) | 3.8 (0.2) | 4.1 (0) | 4.2 (0.3) |
| Myalgia | 15.4 (0.8) | 14.5 (0.9) | 15.0 (1.2) | 8.2 (0.2) | 9.4 (0.3) | 8.3 (0.6) |
| Arthralgia | 8.1 (0.5) | 8.2 (0) | 9.5 (0.9) | 5.5 (0.5) | 5.0 (0.3) | 6.8 (0.9) |
| Headache | 18.7 (0.9) | 18.5 (0.9) | 18.7 (0.6) | 9.3 (0.3) | 8.5 (0.6) | 8.3 (0.6) |
| Fatigue | 17.8 (0.6) | 22.1 (0.3) | 15.6 (1.5) | 9.1 (0.8) | 10.6 (0.3) | 8.9 (0.6) |
| Vomiting | 2.6 (0) | 1.5 (0.3) | 0.9 (0) | 0.9 (0.2) | 0.3 (0) | 0.6 (0) |
| Diarrhea | 7.4 (0.6) | 7.6 (0) | 7.6 (0.6) | 4.3 (0.5) | 5.0 (0.9) | 5.1 (0.3) |
| Loss of appetite | 8.3 (0.3) | 8.5 (0.3) | 8.3 (0.9) | 4.0 (0.2) | 5.0 (0) | 3.6 (0.3) |
| Fever: ≥ 38.0 °C( ≥ 40.0 °C) | 0.8 (0) | 0.6 (0) | 0.3 (0) | 0.3 (0) | 0.9 (0) | 0.6 (0) |
| 1Safety population: all subjects in the exposed
population who provided post-vaccination safety data 2Percentage of severe adverse reactions are presented in parenthesis Study 1: NCT01992094 |
||||||
Unsolicited adverse events were collected for 21 days after vaccination. In adults 18 years of age and older, unsolicited adverse events were reported in 16.1% of subjects who received FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT, within 21 days after vaccination.
In adults 18 years of age and older, serious adverse events (SAEs) were collected throughout the study duration (until 6 months after vaccination) and were reported by 3.9%, of the subjects who received FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT. None of the SAEs were assessed as being related to study vaccine.
Children And Adolescents 4 Through 17 Years Of Age
The safety of FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT in children was evaluated in a randomized, double-blind, controlled study conducted in the US (Study 2). The safety population included a total of 2332 children 4 through 17 years of age; 1161 children 4 through 8 years of age and 1171 children 9 through 17 years of age.
In this study, subjects received FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT or one of the two formulations of comparator trivalent influenza vaccine (FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT n=1159, TIV1c, n=593 or TIV2c n= 580). Children 9 through 17 years of age received a single dose of FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT or comparator vaccine. Children 4 through 8 years of age received one or two doses (separated by 4 weeks) of FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT or comparator vaccine based on determination of the subject’s prior influenza vaccination history. The mean age of subjects who received FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT was 9.6 years of age; 48% of subjects were female and 53% were Caucasian.
The safety data observed are summarized in Table 3 and Table 4. In this study, solicited local injection site and systemic adverse reactions were collected from subjects who completed a symptom diary card for 7 days following vaccination.
Solicited adverse reactions for FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT and comparator are summarized in Table 3 and Table 4.
Table 3: Incidence of Solicited Adverse Reactions in
the Safety Population1 (4 through 5 years of age) Reported Within 7 Days of the
First dose of Vaccination (Study 2)
| Children 4 through 5 years | |||
| Percentages (%)2 | |||
| FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT N=182 | Trivalent Influenza Vaccine | ||
| TIV1c N=91 |
TIV2c N=93 |
||
| Local Adverse Reactions | |||
| Injection site induration | 13 (1) | 20 (2) | 13 (0) |
| Injection site erythema | 18 (1) | 23 (1) | 17 (0) |
| Injection site ecchymosis | 9 (0) | 11 (0) | 8 (0) |
| Injection site tenderness | 46 (1) | 45 (1) | 43 (0) |
| Systemic Adverse Reactions | |||
| Change in eating habits | 10 (1) | 7 | 6 |
| Sleepiness | 19 (1) | 12 (3) | 10 (0) |
| Irritability | 16 (2) | 10 (2) | 10 (1) |
| Chills | 5 (1) | 2 (0) | 1 (0) |
| Vomiting | 4 (0) | 2 (0) | 2 (0) |
| Diarrhea | 4 (0) | 2 (0) | 2 (0) |
| Fever: > 38.0 °C ( > 40.0 °C) | 4 (0) | 4 (0) | 3 (0) |
| 1Safety population: all subjects in the
exposed population who provided post-vaccination safety data. 2Percentage of subjects with severe adverse reactions are presented in parenthesis. Study 2: NCT01992107 |
|||
Table 4: Incidence of Solicited Adverse Reactions in
the Safety Population1 (Children 6 through 17 years of age) Reported Within 7
Days of Vaccination (Study 2)
| Children 6 through 8 years (after first dose) | Children 9 through 17 years | ||||||
| Percentages (%)2 | |||||||
| FLU- CELVAX QUADRI- VALENT N=371-372 |
Trivalent Influenza vaccine | FLU- CELVAX QUADRI- VALENT N=579 |
Trivalent Influenza Vaccine | ||||
| TIVIc N=185 |
TIV2c N=186 |
TIV1c N=294 |
TIV2c N=281-282 |
||||
| Local Adverse Reactions | |||||||
| Injection site induration | 16 (0) | 19 (1) | 13 (0) | 15 (0) | 15 (0) | 13 ( < 1) | |
| Injection site erythema | 22 (0) | 23 (1) | 20 (0) | 19 ( < 1) | 17 (0) | 15 ( < 1) | |
| Injection site ecchymosis | 9 (0) | 9 (0) | 8 (0) | 4 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | |
| Injection site pain | 54 (1) | 57 (1) | 58 (2) | 58 (1) | 51 ( < 1) | 50 (0) | |
| Systemic Adverse Events | |||||||
| Chills | 4 (1) | 3 (0) | 4 (0) | 7 (0) | 6 (1) | 4 (1) | |
| Nausea | 8 (1) | 5 (0) | 5 (1) | 9 ( < 1) | 8 (1) | 7 (1) | |
| Myalgia | 12 (1) | 14 (0) | 10 (0) | 16 ( < 1) | 17 ( < 1) | 15 ( < 1) | |
| Arthralgia | 4 (0) | 5 (0) | 4 (0) | 6 (0) | 6 (0) | 8 ( < 1) | |
| Headache | 14 (1) | 13 (0) | 12 (0) | 22 (1) | 23 (2) | 18 (1) | |
| Fatigue | 13 (2) | 14 (0) | 18 (0) | 18 ( < 1) | 16 (1) | 16 ( < 1) | |
| Vomiting | 3 (1) | 3 (0) | 3 (0) | 2 (0) | 1 (0) | 2 (0) | |
| Diarrhea | 3 ( < 1) | 6 (1) | 5 (0) | 4 (0) | 4 (0) | 3 ( < 1) | |
| Loss of appetite | 9 ( < 1) | 5 (0) | 8 (1) | 9 (0) | 9 ( < 1) | 9 (0) | |
| Fever: ≥ 38.0 °C ( ≥ 40.0 °C) | 4 (0) | 3 (0) | 2 (0) | 1 ( < 1) | 3 (0) | 1 (0) | |
| 1Safety population: all subjects in the
exposed population who provided post-vaccination safety data. 2Percentage of subjects with severe adverse reactions are presented in parenthesis. Study 2: NCT 01992107 |
|||||||
In children who received a second dose of FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT, TIV1c, or TIV2c, the incidence of adverse reactions following the second dose of vaccine were similar to those observed with the first dose. Unsolicited adverse events were collected for 21 days after last vaccination. In children 4 through 17 years of age, unsolicited adverse events were reported in 24.3 of subjects who received FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT, within 3 weeks after last vaccination.
In children 4 through 17 years of age, serious adverse events (SAEs) were collected throughout the study duration (until 6 months after last vaccination) and were reported by 0.5%, of the subjects who received FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT. None of the SAEs were assessed as being related to study vaccine.
Postmarketing Experience
The safety experience with FLUCELVAX (trivalent influenza vaccine) is relevant to FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT, because both vaccines are manufactured using the same process and have overlapping compositions.
The following additional adverse events have been identified during postapproval use of FLUCELVAX. Because these events are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to the vaccine.
Immune system disorders: Anaphylactic reaction, angioedema.
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: Generalized skin reactions including pruritus, urticaria or non-specific rash.
Nervous systems disorders: Syncope, Presyncope
General disorders and administration site conditions: Extensive swelling of injected limb.
DRUG INTERACTIONS
Concomitant Use With Other Vaccines
No data are available to assess the concomitant administration of FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT with other vaccines.
Warnings & Precautions
WARNINGS
Included as part of the PRECAUTIONS section.
PRECAUTIONS
Guillain-Barré Syndrome
The 1976 swine influenza vaccine was associated with an elevated risk of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Evidence for a causal relation of GBS with other influenza vaccines is inconclusive; if an excess risk exists, it is probably slightly more than 1 additional case per 1 million persons vaccinated.1 If GBS has occurred after receipt of a prior influenza vaccine, the decision to give FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT should be based on careful consideration of the potential benefits and risks.
Preventing And Managing Allergic Reactions
Appropriate medical treatment and supervision must be available to manage possible anaphylactic reactions following administration of the vaccine.
Syncope
Syncope (fainting) can occur in association with administration of injectable vaccines, including Flucelvax. Syncope can be accompanied by transient neurological signs such as visual disturbance, paresthesia, and tonic-clonic limb movements. Procedures should be in place to avoid falling injury and to restore cerebral perfusion following syncope by maintaining a supine or Trendelenburg position.
Altered Immunocompetence
After vaccination with FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT, immunocompromised individuals, including those receiving immunosuppressive therapy, may have a reduced immune response.
Limitations Of Vaccine Effectiveness
Vaccination with FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT may not protect all vaccine recipients against influenza disease.
Nonclinical Toxicology
Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment Of Fertility
FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT has not been evaluated for carcinogenic or mutagenic potential, or for impairment of male fertility in animals. Administration of Flucelvax vaccine (45 mcg HA/dose) did not affect female fertility in a rabbit reproductive and developmental toxicity study.
Use In Specific Populations
Pregnancy
Pregnancy Category B: The developmental and reproductive toxicity study performed with the trivalent formulation of Flucelvax is relevant to Flucelvax Quadrivalent because both vaccines share the same manufacturing process and route of administration. A reproductive and developmental toxicity study has been performed in rabbits with Flucelvax, with a dose level that was approximately 11 times the human dose based on body weight. The study revealed no evidence of impaired female fertility or harm to the fetus. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this vaccine should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. In a reproductive and developmental toxicity study, the effect of Flucelvax containing 45 mcg HA/dose on embryo-fetal and post-natal development was evaluated in pregnant rabbits. Animals were administered vaccine by intramuscular injection 3 times prior to gestation, during the period of organogenesis (gestation day 7) and later in pregnancy (gestation day 20), 0.5 mL/rabbit/occasion (approximately 11-fold excess relative to the projected human dose on a body weight basis). No adverse effects on mating, female fertility, pregnancy, embryo-fetal development, or post-natal development were observed. There were no vaccine-related fetal malformations or other evidence of teratogenesis.
Nursing Mothers
FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT has not been evaluated in nursing mothers. It is not known whether FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT is administered to a nursing woman.
Pediatric Use
Safety and effectiveness have not been established in children less than 4 years of age.
Geriatric Use
Of the total number of subjects who received one dose of FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT in clinical studies and included in the safety population (2493), 26.47% (660) were 65 years of age and older and 7.7% (194) were 75 years of age or older.
Antibody responses to FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT were lower in the geriatric (adults 65 years and older) population than in younger subjects. [see Clinical Studies]
REFERENCES
1. Lasky T, Terracciano GJ, Magder L, et al. The Guillain-Barré syndrome and the 1992-1993 and 1993-1994 influenza vaccines. N Engl J Med 1998; 339(25):1797-1802.
Overdosage & Contraindications
OVERDOSE
No information provided.
CONTRAINDICATIONS
Do not administer FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT to anyone with a history of severe allergic reaction (e.g., anaphylaxis) to any component of the vaccine [see DESCRIPTION].
Clinical Pharmacology
Mechanism Of Action
Influenza illness and its complications follow infection with influenza viruses. Global surveillance and analysis of influenza virus isolates permits identification of yearly antigenic variants. Since 1977, antigenic variants of influenza A (H1N1 and H3N2) viruses and influenza B viruses have been in global circulation.
Specific levels of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titers induced by vaccination with inactivated influenza virus vaccine have not been correlated with protection from influenza illness. In some studies, HI antibody titers of ≥ 1:40 have been associated with protection from influenza illness in up to 50% of subjects.2,3
Antibody against one influenza virus type or subtype confers little or no protection against another. Furthermore, antibody to one antigenic variant of influenza virus might not protect against a new antigenic variant of the same type or subtype. Frequent development of antigenic variants through antigenic drift is the virologic basis for seasonal epidemics and the reason for the usual change of one or more strains in each year's influenza vaccine. Therefore, inactivated influenza vaccines are standardized to contain the hemagglutinin of influenza virus strains representing the influenza viruses likely to circulate in the United States in the upcoming winter.
Annual influenza vaccination is recommended by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices because immunity declines during the year after vaccination, and because circulating strains of influenza virus change from year to year.4
Clinical Studies
Efficacy Against Culture-Confirmed Influenza
The efficacy experience with FLUCELVAX is relevant to FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT because both vaccines are manufactured using the same process and have overlapping compositions.
A multinational (US, Finland, and Poland), randomized, observer-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed to assess clinical efficacy and safety of FLUCELVAX during the 2007-2008 influenza season in adults aged 18 through 49 years. A total of 11,404 subjects were enrolled to receive FLUCELVAX (N=3828), AGRIFLU (N=3676) or placebo (N=3900) in a 1:1:1 ratio. Among the overall study population enrolled, the mean age was 33 years, 55% were female, 84% were Caucasian, 7% were Black, 7% were Hispanic, and 2% were of other ethnic origin.
FLUCELVAX efficacy was assessed by the prevention of culture-confirmed symptomatic influenza illness caused by viruses antigenically matched to those in the vaccine and prevention of influenza illness caused by all influenza viruses compared to placebo. Influenza cases were identified by active and passive surveillance of influenza-like illness (ILI). ILI was defined as a fever (oral temperature ≥ 100.0°F / 38°C) and cough or sore throat. Nose and throat swab samples were collected for analysis within 120 hours of onset of an influenza-like illness in the period from 21 days to 6 months after vaccination. Overall vaccine efficacy against all influenza viral subtypes and vaccine efficacy against individual influenza viral subtypes were calculated (Tables 5 and 6, respectively).
Table 5: Vaccine Efficacy against Culture-Confirmed
Influenza
| Number of subjects per protocol | Number of subjects with influenza | Attack Rate (%) | Vaccine Efficacy (VE)1,2 | ||
| % | Lower Limit of OneSided 97.5% CI of VE2,3 | ||||
| Antigenically Matched Strains | |||||
| FLUCELVAX | 3776 | 7 | 0.19 | 83.8 | 61.0 |
| Placebo | 3843 | 44 | 1.14 | -- | -- |
| All Culture-Confirmed Influenza | |||||
| FLUCELVAX | 3776 | 42 | 1.11 | 69.5 | 55.0 |
| Placebo | 3843 | 140 | 3.64 | -- | -- |
| 1Efficacy against influenza was evaluated over
a 9 month period in 2007/2008 2Simultaneous one-sided 97.5% confidence intervals for the vaccine efficacy (VE) of FLUCELVAX relative to placebo based on the Sidak-corrected score confidence intervals for the relative risk. Vaccine Efficacy = (1 - Relative Risk) x 100% 3VE success criterion: the lower limit of the one-sided 97.5% CI for the estimate of the VE relative to placebo is > 40% Study: NCT00630331 |
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Table 6: Efficacy of FLUCELVAX against
Culture-Confirmed Influenza by Influenza Viral Subtype
| FLUCELVAX (N=3776) |
Placebo (N=3843) |
Vaccine Efficacy (VE)2 | |||||
| Attack Rate (%) | Number of Subjects with Influenza | Attack Rate (%) | Number of Subjects with Influenza | % | Lower Limit of One-Sided 97.5% CI of VE1,2 | ||
| Antigenically Matched Strains | |||||||
| A/H3N23 | 0.05 | 2 | 0 | 0 | -- | -- | |
| A/H1N1 | 0.13 | 5 | 1.12 | 43 | 88.2 | 67.4 | |
| B3 | 0 | 0 | 0.03 | 1 | -- | -- | |
| All Culture-Confirmed Influenza | |||||||
| A/H3N2 | 0.16 | 6 | 0.65 | 25 | 75.6 | 35.1 | |
| A/H1N1 | 0.16 | 6 | 1.48 | 57 | 89.3 | 73.0 | |
| B | 0.79 | 30 | 1.59 | 61 | 49.9 | 18.2 | |
| 1No VE success criterion was prespecified in
the protocol for each individual influenza virus subtype. 2 Simultaneous one-sided 97.5% confidence intervals for the vaccine efficacy (VE) of FLUCELVAX relative to placebo based on the Sidak-corrected score confidence intervals for the relative risk. Vaccine Efficacy = (1 - Relative Risk) x 100%; 3 There were too few cases of influenza due to vaccine-matched influenza A/H3N2 or B to adequately assess vaccine efficacy. Study: NCT00630331 |
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There are no data demonstrating prevention of influenza disease after vaccination with FLUCELVAX in the pediatric age group.
Immunogenicity Of FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT In Adults 18 Years Of Age And Above
Immunogenicity of FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT was evaluated in adults 18 years of age and older in a randomized, double-blind, controlled study conducted in the US (Study 1). In this study, subjects received FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT or one of the two formulations of comparator trivalent influenza vaccine (FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT (N=1334), TIV1c, N=677 or TIV2c N= 669). In the per protocol set, the mean age of subjects who received FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT was 57.5 years; 55.1% of subjects were female and 76.1% of subjects were Caucasian, 13% were black and 9% were Hispanics. The immune response to each of the vaccine antigens was assessed, 21 days after vaccination.
The immunogenicity endpoints were geometric mean antibody titers (GMTs) of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibodies response and percentage of subjects who achieved seroconversions, defined as a pre-vaccination HI titer of < 1:10 with a post-vaccination titer ≥ 1:40 or a pre-vaccination HI titer > 1:10 and at least 4-fold increase in serum HI antibody titer.
FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT was noninferior to TIVc. Noninferiority was established for all 4 influenza strains included in the QIVc, as assessed by ratios of GMTs and the differences in the percentages of subjects achieving seroconversion at 3 weeks following vaccination. The antibody response to influenza B strains contained in FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT was superior to the antibody response after vaccination with TIVc containing an influenza B strain from the alternate lineage. There was no evidence that the addition of the second influenza B strain resulted in immune interference to other strains included in the vaccine. (See Table 7)
Table 7: Noninferiority of FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT
relative to TIVc in adults 18 Years of Age and Above - Per Protocol Analysis
Set [Study 1]
| FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT N = 1250 |
TIV1c/TIV2c1 N = 635/N = 639 |
Vaccine Group Ratio (95% CI) |
Vaccine Group Difference (95% CI) |
||
| A/H1N1 | GMT (95% CI) | 302.8 (281.8-325.5) |
298.9 (270.3-330.5) |
1.0 (0.9-1.1) |
- |
| Seroconversion Rate2 (95% CI) | 49.2% (46.4-52.0) |
48.7% (44.7-52.6) |
- | -0.5% (-5.3-4.2) |
|
| A/H3N2 | GMT (95% CI) | 372.3 (349.2-396.9) |
378.4 (345.1-414.8) |
1.0 (0.9-1.1) |
- |
| Seroconversion Rate2 (95% CI) | 38.3% (35.6-41.1) |
35.6% (31.9-39.5) |
- | -2.7% (-7.2-1.9) |
|
| B1 | GMT (95% CI) | 133.2 (125.3-141.7) |
115.6 (106.4-125.6) |
0.9 (0.8-1.0) |
- |
| Seroconversion Rate2 (95% CI) | 36.6% (33.9-39.3) |
34.8% (31.1-38.7) |
- | -1.8% (-6.2-2.8) |
|
| B2 | GMT (95% CI) | 177.2 (167.6-187.5) |
164.0 (151.4-177.7) |
0.9 (0.9-1.0) |
- |
| Seroconversion Rate2 (95% CI) | 39.8% (37.0-42.5) |
35.4% (31.7-39.2) |
- | -4.4% (-8.9-0.2) |
|
| Abbreviations: HI = hemagglutination inhibition. PPS =
per protocol set. GMT = geometric mean titer. CI = confidence interval. 1Per protocol set: All subjects in Full Analysis Set, immunogenicity population, who has correctly received the assigned vaccine, have no major protocol deviations leading to exclusion as defined prior to unblinding/analysis and are not excluded due to other reasons defined prior to unblinding or analysis. 2The comparator vaccine for noninferiority comparisons for A/H1N1, A/H3N2 and B1 is TIV1c, for B2 it is TIV2c. 3Seroconversion rate = percentage of subjects with either a pre-vaccination HI titer < 1:10 and postvaccination HI titer ≥ 1:40 or with a pre-vaccination HI titer ≥ 1:10 and a minimum 4-fold increase in post-vaccination HI antibody titer. Study 1: NCT01992094 |
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Immunogenicity In Children And Adolescents 4 Through 17 Years Of Age
Immunogenicity of FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT was evaluated in children 4 through 17 years of age in a randomized, double-blind, controlled study conducted in the US (Study 2). (See ADVERSE REACTIONS) In this study, 1159 subjects received FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT. In the per protocol set, the mean age of subjects who received FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT was 9.8 years; 47% of subjects were female and 54% of subjects were Caucasian, 22% were black and 19% were Hispanics. The immune response to each of the vaccine antigens was assessed, 21 days after vaccination.
The immunogenicity endpoints were the percentage of subjects who achieved seroconversion, defined as a pre-vaccination hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titer of < 1:10 with a post-vaccination HI titer ≥ 1:40 or at least a 4-fold increase in serum HI titer; and percentage of subjects with a post-vaccination HI titer ≥ 1:40.
In subjects receiving FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT, for all four influenza strains, the 95% LBCI seroconversion rates were ≥ 40% and the percentage of subjects who achieved HI titer ≥ 1:40 post vaccination were ≥ 70% (95% LBCI). (See Table 8)
Table 8: The Percentage of Children and Adolescents 4
through 17 years of Age with Seroconversion2 and HI Titers
≥ 1:40 post vaccination with FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT - Per-Protocol
Analysis Set3 [Study 2]
| FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT | ||
| A/H1N1 | N = 1014 | |
| Seroconversion Rate3 (95% CI) | 72% (69-75) | |
| HI titer ≥ 1:40 | 99% (98-100) | |
| A/H3N2 | N = 1013 | |
| Seroconversion Rate3 (95% CI) | 47% (44-50) | |
| HI titer ≥ 1:40 | 100% (99-100) | |
| B1 | N = 1013 | |
| Seroconversion Rate3 (95% CI) | 66% (63-69) | |
| HI titer ≥ 1:40 | 92% (91-94) | |
| B2 | N = 1009 | |
| Seroconversion Rate3 (95% CI) | 73% (70-76) | |
| HI titer ≥ 1:40 | 91% (89-93) | |
| Abbreviations: HI = hemagglutinin inhibition. CI =
confidence interval. 1Analyses are performed on data for day 22 for previously vaccinated subjects and day 50 for not previously vaccinated subjects. 2Seroconversion rate = percentage of subjects with either a pre-vaccination HI titer < 1:10 and postvaccination HI titer ≥ 1:40 or with a pre-vaccination HI titer ≥ 1:10 and a minimum 4-fold increase in post-vaccination HI titer. Immunogenicity success criteria were met if the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval (CI) of the percentage of subjects with HI titer ≥ 1:40 is ≥ 70%; and the lower limit of the 95% CI of the percentage of subjects with seroconversion is ≥ 40%. 3Per protocol set: All subjects in Full Analysis Set, immunogenicity population, who has correctly received the assigned vaccine, have no major protocol deviations leading to exclusion as defined prior to unblinding/analysis and are not excluded due to other reasons defined prior to unblinding or analysis. Study 2: NCT 01992107 |
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REFERENCES
2. Hannoun C, Megas F, Piercy J. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of influenza vaccination. Virus Res 2004;103:133-138.
3. Hobson D, Curry RL, Beare A, et al. The role of serum hemagglutinininhibiting antibody in protection against challenge infection with influenza A2 and B viruses. J Hyg Camb 1972; 767-777.
4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Prevention and Control of Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR 2011; 60(33): 1128-1132.
Medication Guide
PATIENT INFORMATION
Inform vaccine recipients of the potential benefits and risks of immunization with FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT.
Educate vaccine recipients regarding the potential side effects; clinicians should emphasize that (1) FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT contains non-infectious particles and cannot cause influenza and (2) FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT is intended to provide protection against illness due to influenza viruses only, and cannot provide protection against other respiratory illnesses.
Instruct vaccine recipients to report adverse reactions to their healthcare provider.
Provide vaccine recipients with the Vaccine Information Statements which are required by the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986. These materials are available free of charge at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website (www.cdc.gov/vaccines).
Inform vaccine recipients that annual vaccination is recommended.